Embassy of the United States

Human Rights Report (Georgian Language Version)

saqarTvelo

saqarTvelos respublikis konstitucia iTvaliswinebs aRmasrulebel Stos, romelic angariSvaldebulia prezidentis, erTpalatiani palamentis da damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistemis winaSe. qveynis mosaxleoba daaxloebiT 4.6 milions Seadgens. prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili xelaxla iqna arCeuli 5 ianvars Catarebuli arCevnebis dros, romlis farglebSic, saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebis azriT, uzrunvelyofili iqna Sesabamisoba euTo-s (evropis usafrTxoebis da TanamSromlobis organizaciis) demokratiuli arCevnebis valdebulebebis umetes nawilTan; miuxedavad amisa, maT aseve yuradReba gaamaxviles iseT mniSvnelovan problemebze, rogoricaa adamianebis daSinebisa da zewolis braldebebi, darRvevebi xmebis daTvlisa da pretenziebisa da saCivrebis ganxilvis procesSi. es da sxva problemebi ganmeorda 21 maisis saparlamento arCevnebis drosac, romelic saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebis azriT Catarda uTanasworo pirobebSi da srulad ar Seesabameboda saerTaSoriso standartebs.  samoqalaqo xelisufleba mTlianobaSi efeqturad akontrolebda saxelmwifo dacvis/samarTaldamcav Zalebs.

saangariSo wlis manZilze dafiqsirebul adamianis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebs Soris aRsaniSnavia ori adamianis sikdili, romelic savaraudod gamowveuli iyo samarTaldamcavi oficrebis mier uflebamosilebis gadametebis gamo, eWvmitanilebis daSineba, patimrebis wameba, cudi pirobebi cixeebsa da winaswari dakavebis centrebSi, policiis dausjeloba, saSualo moqalaqeebisTvis advokatebis miuwvdomloba, adamianebis dakaveba politikuri motivebiT, rig saqmeebze saproceso naklovanebebi da gancxadebebi mTavrobis mier sasamarTloze zewolis moxdenis Taobaze. Sesustda sityvis da presis Tavisuflebis dacva, Tumca wlis bolosaTvis mdgomareoba Seicvala sasikeTo mimarTulebiT. dafiqsirda iseTi problemebic, rogoricaa korufcia maRalCinosanTa Soris, adamianebiT vaWroba.

samxreT oseTis separatistul regionSi cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis mravaljeradma darRvevam yvela monawile mxaris mier, mkvlelobebma, dabobmvam, ormxrivma saartilerio cecxlma gamoiwvia daZabulobis eskalacia.  7 agvistos saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma gaakeTes gancxadeba, romlis Tanaxmadac Tbilisi apirebda Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebas, ruseTis SemoWrisagan Tavis dasacavad.  saqarTvelom daiwyo samxedro operacia cxinvalSi, saqarTvelos samxreT oseTis regionis dedaqalaqSi da separatistuli regionis sxva terotoriebze.  situacia kidev ufro gauaresda, rodesac ruseTma disproporciuli Zalis meSveobiT daiwyo samxedro SeWra qveynis saerTaSorisod aRiarebul sazRvrebs SigniT, rogorc ruseTis oficialurma pirebma ganacxades saqarTvelos mxridan cxinvalSi mZime teqnikis gamoyenebisa da rusi samSvidoboebis mkvlelobebis sapasuxod.  samxedro operaciebis dros saqarTvelos da ruseTis samxedro Zalebis mier regularulad xdeboda ukontrolo Zalis gamoyeneba, ris Sedegadac daiRupa bevri samoqalaqo piri, maT Soris Jurnalistebi. gaJRerda braldebebi, rom samxreT oseTis policiuri SenaerTebi sikvdiliT sjidnen da awamebdnen adamianebs, axorcielebdnen eTnikur wmendas, wvadnen Senobebs; aRniSnulis Sedegad saqarTvelos 150,000 moqalaqe iZulebiT iqna gadaadgilebuli.  ruseTisa da samxreT oseTis Zalebma daikaves soflebi samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis - saqarTvelos meore separatistuli regionis administraciul sazRvrebs gareT.  miuxedavad imisa, rom 10 oqtombers rusuli Zalebi metwilad gavidnen afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis regionebidan, maT gadaketes Sesasvlelebi orive regionSi rogorc qarTvelebisTvis, aseve saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis, ramac iq yofna saSiSi gaxada adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis da gaarTula regionSi adamianis uflebebis da humanitaruli kanonis dacvis monitoringi.  cecxlis Sewyvetis pirobebSi saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebs unda ganexorcielebinaT monitoringi afxazeTsa, samxreT oseTsa da saqarTvelos danarCen teritoriaze.  evrokavSiris damkvirveblebma daiwyes patrulireba 1 oqtombers, magram wlis bolosaTvis maT samxreT oseTSi Sesvlis ufleba ar miecaT.  euTo-s damkvirveblebs aseve ar misces samxreT oseTSi Sesvlis saSualeba.  saqarTveloSi gaeros damkvirvebelTa misiis (UNOMIG) monitorebs kvlav eZlevaT afxazeTSi Sesvlis saSualeba, Tumca, afzazurma da rusulma Zalebma SezRudes maTi daSveba kodoris eTnikur qarTul teritoriebze.

daRupulebis, daWrilebis da dakarguli adamianebis ricxvi dauzustebeli rCeba. wlis bolos, Tavdacvisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministroebis veb gverdebze agvistos konfliqtis Sedegad daRupulad gamoacxades minimum 385, xolo daWrilad - 2 134 jariskaci, policieli da samoqalaqo piri.   cxraze meti samxedro da  eqvsi Sinagan saqmeTa saministos TanamSromeli dakargul pirTa siaSi rCeba. cecxlis Sewyvetis Semdgom wlis bolomde afeTqebebisa da srolis Sedegad konfliqturi zonis mimdebare teritoriebze patrulirebis dros daiRupa minimum 10 Sinagan saqmeTa saministros TanamSromeli.  

adaminis uflebebis dacvis konteqstSi did miRwevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos gausaZlisi pirobebis mqone Tbilisis # 5 sapyrobilis daxurva da kanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebebis Setana, ris Sedegadac SesaZlebeli gaxda saxelmwifos mier im opoziciuri partiebis dafinanseba, romlebic gadalaxaven xuTprocentian bariers. wlis bolosaTvis satelevizio sadgurebma ganaaxles mTavari politikur- analitikuri Toq-Souebis translacia, opoziciis da mTavrobis figurebis erToblivi monawileobiT erTsa da imave SouebSi yvela arxze.

agvistos konfliqtamde afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis separatistuli regionebis de-faqto xelisufleba centraluri mTavrobis kontrols miRma iyo.  cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi ZalaSi iyo, magram orive teritoriaze adgili hqonda Zaladobas da mkvlelobis faqtebs. sicocxlis warTmeva, TviTneburi dapatimreba da Tavisuflebis SezRudva seriozul problemad rCeboda.  26 agvistos ruseTma aRiara orive teritoriis damoukidebloba, ris Sedegadac saqarTvelos ruseTTan diplomatiuri urTierToba gawyvita; 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT nikaraguas garda am teritoriebis damoukidebloba arc erTma qveyanam ar aRiara.  winamdebare angariSSi mocemul cifrebSi da sxva statistikaSi ar Sedis  samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis separatistuli regionebis monacemebi, Tu konkretul monacemTan dakavSirebiT sawinaaRmdego miTiTeba ar aris mocemuli.

afxazeTis de-faqto xelisufleba kvlavac ganagrZobs moqalaqeebis iseTi uflebebis SezRudvas, rogoricaa xmis micemis da politikur procesebSi monawileobis ufleba "moqalaqeobis" Sesaxeb kanonis meSveobiT, romelic aiZulebs eTnikur qarTvelebs adgilobriv arCevnebSi monawileobis misaRebad uari Tqvan saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze.  2006 wlis kanoniT “sakuTrebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi mcxovreb iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs waerTvaT afxazeTis teritoriaze saxlebis dabrunebis moTxovnis ufleba.  xelisuflebam SezRuda swavleba qarTul enaze galis raionis skolebSi, sadac mosaxleobis umetesoba eTnikuri qarTvelia.

26 agvistos Semdeg samxreT oseTis de-faqto xelisuflebam ganacxada, rom qarTvelebs dauSvebda samxreT oseTSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini daTmoben saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas da miiReben "samxreT oseTis respublikis" "moqalaqeobas"; praqtikulad, es rusuli pasportis miRebas niSnavs.

adamianis uflebebis dacva

nawili 1.  pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba, rac moicavs:

a.  dacvas sicocxlis ganzrax da ukanono xelyofisagan

mTavrobas an mis warmomadgenlebs ar CaudeniaT mkvleloba politikuri motiviT, Tumca, miRebulia cnobebi mTavrobis mier samxedro Zalis gadametebuli gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, rasac samxreT oseTSi konfliqtis dros Seewira mSvidobiani mosaxleobis sococxle.    (ix. nawili 1.z).

8 maiss, sapatrulo policiis oficrebi, vaxtang abuaSvili da levan jinikaSvili axorcielebdnen avtomobilis devnas, romelic gadaWarbebuli siCqariT moZraobda qalaq TbilisSi. uecrad manqanis mZRolma, giorgi gamcemliZem, manqana gaaCera, gadmovida da gaiqca.  abuaSvili gadmovida sapatrulo manqanidan da fexiT gaekida mas.   abuaSvils egona, rom gamcemliZe iyo SeiaraRebuli da amoiRo Tavisi iaraRi, isrola da gamcemliZe daWra kisris areSi, ris Sedegadac is gardaicvala. mogvianebiT dadginda, rom gamcemliZes iaraRi ar hqonda. SemTxvevis adgilad myofebma daafiqsires, rom abuaSvilma Sesabamisi sityvieri gafrTxileba gasrolamde ar gaakeTa. wlis bolos gamoZieba kvlav grZeldeboda.

14 agvistos, xelvaCauris samxedro bazis warmomadgenelma daureka roin SavaZes, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis wevrs, da ubrZana samsaxurSi gamocxadeba. saxalxo damcvelis angariSSi miniSnebulia, rom  SavaZe ar gamocxadda avadmyofobis gamo.  16 agvistos, ramdenime adamiani mivida SavaZis saxlSi da gaiyvana igi, magram mogvianebiT is dabrunda.  17 agvistos SavaZe wavida samsaxurSi. im dRes mis meuRles daurekes da uTxres, rom SavaZe samsaxurSi ar gamocxadebula; TviTmxilvelebis TqmiT, igi ZaliT Casves manqanaSi bazris mimdebare teritoriaze. meuRle daukavSirda adgilobriv policias. imave saRamos meuRles daurekes da uTxres, rom misuliyo saswrafoSi, sadac mas daxvda misi meuRlis cxedari. SavaZes sxeulze aReniSneboda mravali dazianeba da natyviarevi. qobuleTis raionuli policiis inspeqtoris, mamuka TxiliaSvilis gancxadebiT, SavaZis gvami ipoves qobuleTi-kakuTis gzatkecilze. aWaris prokurorma, vasil roiniSvilma SavaZis qvrivs acnoba, rom misi meuRle gardaicvala policielis gasrolis Sedegad, rodesac igi cdilobda mimalvas narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis adgilidan. rodesac SavaZis qvrivma ganacxada, rom igi CaeZieboda misi meuRlis gardacvalebis saqmes, dauzustebeli informaciis Tanaxmad, prokurori mas daemuqra. wlis bolosaTvis am saqmis statusTan dakavSirebiT prokuraturidan informcia ar Semosula.

2006 wels generalurma prokuraturam daiwyo gamoZieba imis dasadgenad, Tu ramdenad kanonieri iyo samarTaldamcavebis moqmedeba #5 sapyrobileSi momxdari areulobis dros. incidentis dros mokluli iyo Svidi patimari da daiWra 22; daiWra ori specrazmeli. wlis bolosaTvis prokuraturas ar dausrulebia saqmis gamoZieba da arc dagvianebis mizezi auxsnia.

2006 wels generalurma prokuraturam gamoiZia 12 mkvleloba, romelic arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebiT iyo mtkicebuleba imisa, rom policiis mxridan Zalauflebis gadametebas hqonda adgili. aqedan or SemTxvevaSi, aleqsandre xubulovis da zurab vazagaSvilis saqmeze, prokuraturam daadgina, rom oficrebi kanonis farglebSi moqmedebdnen. darCenili sami saqmis gamoZieba Sewyda 2007 wlis TebervalSi, rodesac Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom daadgina, rom policielebma mxolod sapasuxo cecxli gaxsnes da amitom TavianTi uflebamosilebisaTvis ar gadauWarbebiaT. zurab vazagaSvilis ojaxis advokatebis gancxadebiT, gamomZieblebma uyuradRebod datoves mowmeTa Cvenebebi, zewola moaxdines mowmeebze, raTa maT Cvenebebi ar miecaT da gaanadgures mtkicebulebebi. arasamTavrobo organizaciebma, vazagaSvilis saxeliT, gaaprotestes gadawyvetileba gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. 4 ivliss, sasamarTlom mxari dauWira pirveladi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas maszed, rom momCivanebi (arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebmac sasamarTloSi Seitanes saCivari misi saxeliT) ar arian saqmeSi monawile mxareebi da amitom gasaCivrebis ufleba ar gaaCniaT.

2007 wlis TebervalSi xelisuflebam quTaisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi Seitana sisxlis samarTlis saqme 2006 wels varlam fxalaZis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic savaraudod iyo nacemi da mokluli policiis gasrolis Sedegad, yaCaRobis faqtis gamoZiebis dros. sasamarTlom mkvlelobaSi da samsaxureobriv daudevrobaSi damnaSaved scno policiis oficeri ivane kupataZe da xuTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miusaja.  sasamarTlom ganaCeni gamoutana agreTve sam sxva oficers, romlebic SemTxvevis dgilze imyofebodnen. sasamarTlom daviT minaSvili damnaSaved scno samsaxuroebriv daudevrobaSi da miusaja sami wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da jarima 2,000 laris odenobiT (daaxloebiT 1, 210 aSS. dolari). danarCen oficrebs, avalo gabriCiZes da kaxa bunias miusajes Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ori wliT da imave odenobis jarima. mas Semdeg, rac quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlom ZalaSi datova sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, minaSvilis advokatma da dazaralebulma gaasaCivres gadawyvetileba uzenaes sasamarTloSi, sadac wlis bolosaTvis saboloo gadawyvetileba jer kidev gamotanili ar iyo.

 2006 wels prokuraturam mimarTa Tbilisis qalaqis sasamarTlos roland minaZis mimarT braldebiT - policiis oficeri scnes damnaSaved xviCa kvirikaSvilis cemis faqtTan dakavSirebiT mtkicebulebebis gayalbebaSi da miusajes oTxi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom ZalaSi datova aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba. minaZe miimala, magram ianvarSi dapatimrebul iqna.  man gamoiyena misi ufleba sisxlis samarTlis procesualuri kodeqsis mixedviT da moiTxova dauswreblad miRebuli sasamarTlos gaawyvetilebis baTilad cnoba. wlis bolos saqmis ganxilva jer kidev ar iyo dasrulebuli Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi.

sisxlis samarTlis saqme akaki barTaias, kaxaber azariaSvilis da giorgi qurdaZis winaaRmdeg, romlebsac bralad edebaT 2004 wels momxdari amiran robaqiZis mkvlelobis saqmeSi mtkicebulebebis gayalbeba, wlis bolos kvlavac mimdinareobda.

wlis ganmavlobaSi naRmis afeTqebis Sedegad gardaicvala oTxi da daiWra ori pirovneba. aqedan, gardacvalebis erT da sxeulis dazianebis or SemTxvevas adgili hqonda afxazeTis teritoriaze. zog SemTxvevaSi media saSualebebi gardacvalebis faqtebs ukavSirebdnen naRmis afeTqebas, xolo mowmeebi amtkiceben, rom es ufro aufeTqebeli saartilerio Wurvebis gamo moxda. samxreT oseTSi Sesvlis SeuZlebloba arTulebs naRmebis afeTqebebis da maT Sedagad gamowveuli sikvdilianobis da tramvebis Sesaxeb presaSi gaSuqebuli faqtebis gadamowmebas da dadasturebas.

b. gauCinareba

wlis manZilze xelisuflebis braleulobiT da politikuri motiviT adamianebis gauCinarebas adgili ar hqonia. Tumca, wlis ganmavlobaSi konfliqtTan dakavSirebuli gauCinarebebi da gatacebebi xSiri iyo afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis separatistul teritoriaze, rac kidev ufro gaxSirda agvistos dasawyisidan, kerZod im teritoriebze, sadac ruseTi, rogorc mTavari Zala, pasuxismgebeli iyo sazogadoebrivi wesrigis aRdgenasa da SenarCunebaze. 

g. wameba da sxva sastiki, damamcirebebli da araadamianuri mopyroba an dasja

konstitucia da kanoni krZalavs aseT moqmedebas: Tumca, iyo Setyobinebebi, rom oficialuri pirebi agrZeleben aseTi praqtikis gamoyenebas da damnaSaveebi daisajnen. wlis ganmavlobaSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministros xuTi TanamSromeli damnaSaved cnes adamianebis wamebaSi da araadamianur mopyrobaSi. iyo moxsenebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom mTavrobam gadametebuli samxedro Zala gamoiyena samxreT oseTSi konfliqtis dros, ris Sedegadac fizikuri dazianebebi miiRes samoqalaqo pirebma (ix. nawili 1.z.).

30 ianvars zugdidis policiis oficrebma daTa Rvinjiliam da daviT nadaraiam galis raionis sofel nabakevSi daakaves goCa exvaia.  policielebma ganacxades, rom maT aRniSnuli piri daakaves xulignobisaTvis, rkinigzis sadguris maxloblad, xolo exvaia amtkicebs, rom policiam ZaliT waiyvana igi saxlidan dakarguli piris adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb dakiTxvis Semdeg, scemes, manqaniT atares da mxolod amis Semdeg Cautarda testi norkotikul nivTierebaze.  sasamarTlos administraciuli dakavebis brZanebis safuZvelze exvaia Svidi dRiT moaTavses izolatorSi.  3 Tebervals man goneba dakarga da igi saavadmyofoSi gadaiyvanes.  zugdidis regionalurma prokuraturam daiwyo 18 Tebervals momxdari exvaias wamebis faqtis gamoZieba. 7 maiss exvaiam ganucxada zugdidis sasamarTlos, rom ver SesZlebda mwameblebis amocnobas da prokuraturamac ver daadgina danaSaulis Camdeni oficrebi. wlis bolos gamoZieba kvlav mimdinareobda.

20 ivliss rusTavis policiam daakava Teimuraz gorgiSeli, romelic acxadebda, rom igi scemes dakavebis dros. gorgiSeli, romelmac Cvenebis CamorTmevis dros aRiara Zarcvis faqti, man ganacxada, rom policielebma fexebze eleqtomavTuli Semoaxvies da eleqtroSokiT emuqrebodnen.  igi amtkicebda, rom am SemTxvevas Seeswro 10 oficeri da rom igi Semdgom gadaiyvanes droebiTi dakavebis izolatorSi.  rodesac igi 24 ivliss moinaxula eqimma da saxalxo damcvelma, maT daafiqsires Wrilobebi, romelic policiaSi miyvanisas gorgiSels ar aReniSneboda.  8 agvistos, qvemo qarTlis prokuraturam daiwyo am saqmis winaswari gamoZieba.  Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi daikiTxnen mowmeebi da Catarda im adgilis Cxreka, sadac dakiTxuli iyo gorgiSeli.  eleqtromavTulebi napovni ar iyo.  gorgiSelis samedicino daTvalierebam daadgina msubuqi dazianebebi Tvalebis, gulmkerdis, muclis da xelebis midamoebSi. gorgiSeli giraoTi iqna gaTavisuflebuli; samarTaldamcavma organoebma mogvianebiTYver SeZles masTan dakavSireba gamoZiebis gasagrZeleblad. 

saxalxo damcvelis ofisisa da adamianis uflebebis monitorebis mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, aragegmiuri da perioduli Semowmebebis  Sedegad policiaSi cudad mopyrobis faqtebi  kvlavac Zalze iSviaTad fiqsirdeba.  saxalxo damcvelis informaciiT, 2007 wlis bolos droebiTi dakavebis adgilebSi cudi mopyrobis faqtebi TiTqmis aRar fiqsirdeboda, Tumca policiis ganyofilebebSi Sevida ramodenime saCivari fizikuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb. 26 ivniss saxalxo damcvelma ganacxada, rom adamianis wamebis SemTxvevebi qveyanaSi iSviaTi gaxda da rom saxezea kanonebis gaumjobesebis, saCivrebis sajarod ganxilvisa da sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis gazrdisaken mimarTuli mcdlobebi. adamianis wameba isjeba 15 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, xuTwliani patimrobis nacvlad.  am cvlilebebis miuxedavad, eWvmitanilebis daSineba kvlav problemad rCeba.

saxalxo damcvelis ofisma aRniSna, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi winaswari patimrobis dawesebulebebSi miyvanisas 112 dakavebuls aReniSneboda dazianebebi, maTgan rvam aRniSna, rom dazianebebi policiis mxridan zewolis Sedegad iyo miRebuli.  samma dakavebulma ganacxada, rom maTze zewola ganaxorcieles policiis oficrebma.

wlis ganmavlobaSi iusticiis saminstros adamianis uflebebis dacvis ganyofilebam araadamianuri mopyrobisa da wamebis aRmosafxvrelad SemoiRo aragegmiuri monitoringi droebiTi dakavebis saknebSi. iusticiis saministros gancxadebiT, wlis ganmavlobaSi Semovida 132 saCivari policiis mxridan dakavebulebis araswori mopyrobis Sesaxeb. araswori mopyroba gulisxmobda rogorc sityvier, aseve fizikur Seuracxyofas.

wlis ganmavlobaSi aRiZra 39 gamoZieba Sinagan saqmeTa saminstros TanamSromelTa mier ganxorcielebuli wamebis an araadamianuri mopyrobis faqtebze Semotanili saCivrebis safuZvelze. rva saqmeze gamoZieba dawyebuli iyo 2007 wels. aqedan, 23 gamoZieba Sewyda dausabuTeblobis mizeziT, ori saqme gadavida sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo warmoebaSi, xuTi adamiani damnaSaved iqna cnobili. xuTi damnaSaved cnobilidan erTs miesaja pirobiTi Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuTi wliT da 10,000-lariani jarima (daaxloebiT 6, 060 dolari), erTs miasaja 18 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa cixeSi, xolo sams ki Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 22 wliT.

arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebiT, xSirad dazaralebulebi Tavs ikaveben fizikuri Seuracxyofis da wamebis faqtebis dafiqsirebisagan, radgan eSiniaT, rom policia maT da maT ojaxebs samagieros gadauxdis.  arasamTavro organizaciebi agrZeleben imis mtkicebas, rom kavSirebi generalur prokuraturasa da policias Soris xels uSliT policiis darRvevebze reagirebaSi da acxadebdnen, rom sasamarTlo sistemaSi profesionalizmisa da damoukideblobis naklebobis gamo ar xdba Sesabamisi reagireba wamebis braldebebze. Sedegad, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi acxadeben, rom ganxorcielebuli reformebis miuxedavad samarTaldamcavi organoebi kvlavac mimarTaven wamebas da abuCad agdebas, xolo maTi gamoaSkaravebisa da dasjis riksi Zalze dabalia.  arasamTavrobo organizaciebs aseve miaCniaT, rom samarTaldamcavi oficrebisaTvis Sesabamisi  treningebis nakleboba, iseve, rogorc damcavi meqanizmebis Sesaxeb dabali sazogadoebrivi cnobiereba, aferxebs mdgomareobis gamosworebas.

saxalxo damcvelis ofisma aRniSna, rom  monitoringis jfufs ar aRmouCenia SemTxveva, rodesac policiis oficrebs arasworad hqonodeT Catarebuli dakavebulis registracia policiis ganyofilebaSi miyvanisas, rac adre wamebis damalvis saSualeba iyo maTive TanamSromlebis mxridan.  yvela samarTaldamcav oficers da prokuraturis warmomadgenels, policiis spec. qvedanayofis garda, evaleba patimrebTan da dakavebulebTan Sexvedrisas saidentifikacio baraTis tareba.  specialuri qvedanayofis TanamSromlebze daSvebuli iyo gamonaklisi, anonimurobis dacvis mizniT. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi Tvlian, rom amgvarad SeuZlebeli xdeba am danayofebis mier Cadenili darRvevebis gamovlena da maTze reagireba.

generaluri prokuratura agrZelebs kontrolis palatis yofili ufrosis, sulxan molaSvilis mier wayenebuli braldebis gamoZieba, romlis Tanaxmadac igi awames winaswari patimrobis dros 2004 wels. molaSvili Seiwyales da 6 ianvars gaaTavisufles.

2007 wels, prezidentis brZanebiT Seiqmna uwyebaTaSorisi sabWo wamebis winaaRmdeg, romlis daniSnulebac gaxldaT cixeebSi da daxuruli tipis struqturebSi myofTa wamebisa da cudi mopyrobis winaaRmdeg brZola. sabWo Sedgeba respublikis saxalxo damcvelis ofisis, generaluri prokuraturis, iusticiis saministros, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, ganaTlebis saministros, sagareo saqmeTa saministros, janmrTelobis da Tavdacvis saministroebis, sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis, adgilobrivi arasamTavroboebis warmomadgenlebisagan da xmis uflebis ar mqone sami saerTaSoriso damkvirvelisagan.  12 ivniss, prezidentis brZanebiT damtkicda sabWos mier SemoTavazebuli mravaldargovani samoqmedo gegma; gegmaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo wamebasa da cudi mopyrobis aRmofxvrasTan da samedicino daxmarebaTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.  miuxedavad imisa, rom gegmaSi miTiTebuli iyo ramodenime saministro, romlebic pasuxs ageben samarTlis aRsrulebaze, dakavebaze, cixeebze da daxurul struqturebze, gegmaSi ar iyo Sesuli konkretuli miznebi da wlebis mixedviT gawerili debulebebi. samsaxuri, romlis movaleobac iqneboda damoukidebeli monitoringis ganxorcieleba yvela aRniSnul uwyebaSi, warmoadgenda am gegmis mniSvnelovan nawils. damoukidebel monitoringad aRniSnul meqanizmSi moiazreboda saxalxo damcvelis samsaxuri, magram wlis bolomde kanonSi ar iyo Setanili cvlileba am faqtis dakonkretebis mizniT.

pirobebi cixeebsa da dakavebis centrebSi

bevr cixesa da winaswari patimrobis struqturebSi iyo cudi pirobebi da ar Seesabameboda saerTaSoriso standartebs.  saxalxo damcvelis samsaxuri, euTo, wamebis prevenciis komiteti da bevri arasamTavrobo organizacia, maT Soris Human Rights Watch (HRW), kvlav akeTebdnen gancxadebebs  arahumanuri da sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi pirobebis, cudi Senoba-nagebobebis, gadatvirTulobisa da araadekvaturi samedicino momsaxurebis Sesaxeb. cixeebi da winaswari dakavebis adgilebi Sesamabis sanitaruli pirobebis normebs ar akmayofilebda.

iusticiis saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, wlis ganmavlobaSi cixeebSi daiRupa 94 msjavrdebuli; igive monacemi 2007 wels Seadgenda 98-s, xolo 2006 wels - 91-s. saxalxo damcvelis samsaxurma ganacxada, rom isini xSirad mimarTavdnen cixis xelmZRvanelobas patimrebisaTvis savaldebulo samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT.  TviTmkvlelobisa da sxeulis TviTdazianebis mcdelobebi cixeebSi cudi pirobebisa da adamianis uflebebis darRvevis winaaRmdeg protestis gamoxatvis mizniT xdeboda.  adamianis uflebebis monitorebma, saxalxo damcvelis CaTvliT daadastures, rom calkeuli patimrebi SimSilobas acxadebdnen cudi pirobebis, mnaxvelebis SezRudvisa da saxelmwifos mier pirobiTi vadamdeli gaTavisuflebis meqanizmis TviTneburi gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg protestis niSnad.

2006 wels, Salva ramiSvilma, damoukidebeli televiziis - TV-202-is damfuZnebelma, Seitana saCivari evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTloSi (ECHR), sadac gaasaCivra misi dapatimrebis kanoniereba da patimrobis pirobebSi misdami mopyroba. patimrobaSi yofnis dros igi gadaiyvanes Cveulebrivi kameridan patara, sadamsjelo izolatorSi, sadac arc ventilacia da arc sanitaruli pirobebi ar iyo.  2007 wlis ivlisSi, evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlom saCivari nawilobriv dasaSvebad cno; wlis bolomde saqmeze gadawyvetileba jer ar iyo miRebuli.  iusticiis saministrom aRniSna, rom  evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlom dakavebis faqti TavisTavad darRvevad ar miiCnia. wlis bolos saqmes jer kidev evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlo ganixilavda da iusticiis saministros mxridan raime Semdgomi qmedeba ar ganxorcielebula.

bevri cixe ar iyo aRWurvili samedicino daxmarebis punqtiT, aparaturiT da medikamentebiT.  2007 wlis bolos cixeebis samedicino momsaxureba kerZo sadazRveo kompanias gadaeca. iusticiis saministros samedicino monitoringis erTeuli axorcielebda samedicino momsaxurebis zedamxedvelobas. samedicino monitoringis erTeulSi Sedioda 21 adamiani, maT Soris sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis ufrosis moadgile, cixeebis direqtorebi, patimrebisaTvis samedicino daxmarebis gawevis struqturis mTavari eqimi da sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis samedicino eqspertTa jgufi. arsebobda imis molodini, rom samedicino momsaxurebis sadazRvevo kompaniebisaTvis gadacema gaaumjobesebda cixeebSi mdgomareobas am kuTxiT, Tumca imis damadasturebeli monacemebi, rom amgvar gaumjobesebas adgili hqonda wlis ganmavlobaSi, ar gagvaCnia.  arasamTavroboebis gancxadebiT, sadazRvevo kompaniis mxridan patimrebisaTvis samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofis valdebulebis Seusrulebloba seriozul Cavardnas warmoadgens. saxalxo damcvelis wliuri angariSis mixedviT eqimTa da patimarTa Sefardeba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi Zalian dabali iyo da am gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebuli medikosebis  raodenoba Semcirda 45-dan 21-mde. angariSSi agreTve saubaria zogierTi eqimis arakvalificiurobaze. iusticiis saministro irwmuneba, rom samedicino momsaxurebis kontraqtiT sadarRvevo kompaniisaTvis gadacemas dadebiTi Sedegic mohyva, Tumca aRiarebs, rom naklovanebebic aRiniSneboda.

iusticiis saministros statistikis mixedviT, patimrebis raodenobam wlis bolos 18, 528 adamiani Seadgina. kanoniT gansazRvrulia sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis sami kategoria: zogadi reJimi, mkacri reJimi da cixe. patimrebi struqturebSi danaSaulidan gamomdinare nawildebian, msubuqi danaSaulis da danaSaulis pirvelad Camdenebi zogadi reJimis dawesebulebebSi igzavnebian.  recidivistebi da mZime danaSaulis Camdenebi – mkacri reJimis dawesebulebebSi an cixeebSi. kanoniT TiToeul patimarze gansazRvrulia 6.7 m² farTi zogadi da mkacri reJimis dawesebulebebSi; 8.2 m² - cixeebSi; 9.7 m² - qalTa koloniaSi; 8.2 m^{2 -} arasrulwlovanTaTvis; 9.7 m² -samedicino dawesebulebebSi. am cifrebze dayrdnobiT, iusticiis saministros statistikis mixedviT 12 zogadi da mkacri reJimis dawesebulebidan sami (arasrulwlovanTa saswavlo dawesebulebis da patimrebis samedicino dawesebulebis CaTvliT) da agreTve xuTidan sami cixe gadatvirTulia. cixeebis monitoringis saerTaSoriso organizaciebi acxadeben, rom qveyanaSi arsebuli moTxovnebi cixeebSi farTis gadanawilebasTan dakavSirebiT ar akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso standartebs.

prezidentis administracia cdilobs patimrebis vadamdeli gaTavisuflebiT cixeebSi adamianTa raodenebis Semcirebas.  iusticiis saministros monacemebis mixedviT wels 2,804 patimari iqna Sewyalebuli.

23 aprils, xelisuflebam daxura Tbilisis #5-e sapyrobile, romelic mogvianebiT daangries. mexuTe sapyrobile cnobili iyo Tavisi cudi pirobebiT da uaRresi gadatvirTulobiT.

iusticiis ministris # 390 brZanebiT, 2007 wlis dekembers damtkicda sasjelaRsrulebis TanamSromelTa eTikis  kodeqsi, romelic daiwera evropuli praqtikis mixedviT. 2007 wels aseve Seiqmna  StabTan arsebuli cixeebis departamentis samuSaos makontrolebeli qvedanayofi.  aRniSnuli qvedanayofis mixedviT, wlis ganmavvlobaSi sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi oficrebis mier Cadenili iyo 179 disciplinaruli darRveva, ris Sedegadac 10 oficeri gaTavisuflebuli iyo samsaxuridan, xolo 169-m miiRo ufro msubuqi sasjeli. disciplinaruli sasjelis etapebia: SeniSvna, sayveduri pirad saqmeSi SetaniT, mkacri sayveduri da gafrTxileba. 

wlis ganmavlobaSi iusticiis saministrom da donorma organizaciebma Caatares 12 seminari, romelSic monawileoba miiRo 504-ma prokurorma da 234 sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis warmomadgenelma da probaciis oficerma. aRniSnuli treningebi da seminarebi fokusirebuli iyo adamianis uflebebis dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebsa da mcirewlovanTa samarTalze. 

31 oqtombramde adgilobrivi monitoringis sabWoebs daevalaT rva sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebasTan muSaoba, sadac meTvalyureoba unda gaewiaT dawesebulebaSi saerTo mdgomareobisaTvis, SeemuSavebinaT rekomendaciebi da warmoedginaT kvartaluri angariSebi. sabWos wevrebis SerCeva xdeboda muSaobis survilis, kvalifikaciisa da reputaciis safuZvelze, xolo maT kandidaturebs iusticiis saministro amtkicebda. kritikosebma kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenes sabWoebis obieqturoba. arasamTavroboebis gancxadebiT ki,  sabWoebis naxevarze meti mxolod qaRaldze arsebobda da aRar fuqcionirebda imis gamo, rom wevrTa vadebi amoiwura da maTi Canacvleba ar momxdara. sabWos wevrebs agreTve sirTuleebi hqondaT cixeebSi Sesvlis nebarTvasTan dakavSirebiT.  mas Semdeg, rac 1 noembers maTi mandati amoiwura, sabWoebma ver SeZles muSaobis gagrZeleba. imis gamo, rom ar saxeldeboda kandidatura probaciis, sasjelaRsrulebisa da iuridiuli samsaxuris ministris Tanamdebobabze, wlis darCenil periodSi sabWoebis funqcionireba Sewyda.

wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti (wjsk) sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi arsebuli pirobebisa da iq myofi msjarvdebulebis mopyrobis monitoringis mizniT Tavisuflad Sedioda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi qveynis masStabiT, afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis de-faqto xelisuflebis kontrolis qveS myofi regionebis CaTvliT. agvistos omis Sedegad dazaralebuli samoqalaqo mosaxleobisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis mizniT, wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komitetma 20 agvistos kvlav gaxsna Tavisi ofisi cxinvalSi.  garda amisa, wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti kvlav agrZelebs saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis uwyebasTan erTad Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi jandacvis saWiroebes dadgenas da monawileobs cixeebSi tuberkuliozis erToblivi kontrolis programaSi.

pirobebi or separatistul regionSi arsebul cixeebSi qronikulad ar Seesabameba standartebs, Tumca, mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad gadatvirTuloba problemas ar warmoadgens.

d. TviTneburi dapatimreba an dakaveba

konstitucia da kanoni krZalavs TviTnebur dapatimrebasa da dakavebas; Tumca, mTavroba zogjer am akrZalvas ar asrulebs. 

policiisa da usafrTxoebis aparatis roli

marTlmsajulebis da sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva warmoadgens Sinagan saqmeTa saministros umTavres pasuxisgmeblobas. Sida areulobebis pirobebSi mTavrobas SeuZlia mimarTos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros an samxedro struqturas. saministro akontrolebs policias, romelic iyofa funqcionalur departamentebad da calkeul,  damoukideblad dafinansebuli dacvis policiis departamentebad, romelic uzrunvelyofs rogorc infrastruqturis obieqtebis, aseve, kerZo biznesis usafrTxoebasa da dacvas.

policiaSi, sapatrulo policiis sferoSi korufciis done dabalia. uaxlesi reformebis Sedegad, policiis oficrebs aqvT SedarebiT maRali xelfasebi, rac wamaxalisebeli mizezia imisaTvis, rom Tavi Seikavon Tanamdebobis borotad gamoyenebisagan mosaxleobisagan fulis gamoZalvis mizniT, an dakavebulebis cudad mopyrobisagan.

2007 wlis oqtomberSi gaero-s adamianis uflebebis komitetma gamoxata wuxili imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom kvlav fiqsirdeba policiis mxridan cudad mopyrobis faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT eWvmitanilebis dakavebis dros da sikvdilianobis faqtebic, rac savaraudod policiis mxridan Zalis gadaWarbebuli gamoyenebis Sedegad xdeba.

2007 wels saxalxo damcvelis aparatidan Semosuli braldebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom policia aqrobs mtkicebulebebs, iyenebs gadaWarbebul Zalas, araadamianurad da damamcireblad epyroba dakavebulebs, borotad iyenebs da aWarbebs  samsaxureobriv Zalauflebas, wlis bolomde ar iyo gamoZiebuli.  wlis bolosTvis 31 policiis oficeri dakavebuli iyo iseTi sisxlis samarTlebrivi braldebiT, rogoricaa qrTamis aReba, narkotikuli nivTierebis gamoyeneba, falsifikacia/gayalbeba an Zalauflebis borotad gamoyeneba.  401 oficeri daisaja cudi qcevisTvis, maTgan 300 gaTavisuflebuli iqna samsaxuridan, xolo xuTi daqveiTda.

2007 wlis TebervalSi Sinagan saqmeTa saministros TanamSromlebma daapatimres laSa xorguiani, goCa mildiani da xviCa mildiani, maT Caudes narkotikebi da ukanonod daakaves, xorguiani ki awames.  gancxadebaSi naTqvamia, rom es moxda Sss-s specialuri operaciebis departamentis ufrosis - irakli koduas brZanebiT, romelic gabrazebuli iyo maTze mobilur telefonTan dakavSirebul raRac SemTxvevis gamo.  goCa da xviCa erTi Tvis Semdeg gamouSves. xorguiani gamouSves ori Tvis da 5,000 laris (3,200 daaxloebiT dolari) odenobis jarimis gadaxdis Semdeg. Sinagan saqmTa saministros winaaRmdeg saCivari ar iyo Semotanili da wels am saqmis irgvliv aranairi moqmedeba ar ganxorcielebula.

xelisuflebam daapatimra da administraciuli wesiT dasaja policiis oficrebi, romlebic monawileobdnen patimrebis fizikur SeuracxyofasTan an sikvdilTan dakavSirebul gaxmaurebul saqmeebSi. generaluri prokuraturis  adamianis uflebebis dacvis ganyofileba regularulad aqveynebs informacias adamianis uflebebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis, sasamarTlo procesebis da gamoZiebis statusis Sesaxeb. Tumca, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi kvlav amtkiceben, rom momxdari danaSaulis raodenoba kvlav aRemateba gamoZiebul saqmeTa raodenobas da is faqti, rom gamoZiebas ar aqvs sistematiuri xasiaTi da rom yvela damnaSave saTanadod ar isjeba, es yvelaferi xels uwyobs dausjelobis kulturis gaRvivebas. adamianis uflebebis damcveli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi aseve amtkiceben, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi cudi mopyrobis faqtebs ar afiqsireben  dazaralebulebi, radgan eSiniaT sapasuxo SurisZiebis anda aqvT undobloba sasamarTlo sistemis mimarT.

generaluri prokuratura pasuxismgebeli iyo wamebasTan an cud mopyrobasTan dakavSirebul yvela gancxadebis sisxlis samarTlebriv gamoZiebaze.  prokurorebs evalebodaT policiis mier Zalis gadametebuli gamoyenebis gamoZieba im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac eWvmitanilebs dapatimrebis dro sxeulis dazianebebi ufiqsirdebodaT.  kanonis mixedviT, prokuratura valdebulia daiwyos gamoZieba, rodesac is miiRebda Setyobinebas SesaZlo darRvevis Sesaxeb, Tundac anonimuri wyarodan.  Tu gamoZiebis Sedegad, prokurori daaskvnis, rom braldeba ar aris dasabuTebuli, am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba SeiZleba prokuraturis ufro maRal instanciaSi. nebismier pirs, romelic cudad mopyrobis msxerpli gaxda, SeeZlo damnaSavis winaaRmdeg samoqalaqo wesiT saqmis aRZvra.

konstantine WrelaSvili acxadebs, rom 2004 wels Sinagan saqmeTa saministros TanamSromlebma awames igi, raTa iZulebuli gaexadaT daewera aRiarebiTi Cveneba. 2006-Si aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme TanamSromlebis: b. xvistanis, k. sofromaZis da j. janxoTelis winaaRmdeg, ris Sedegadac isini cnes damnaSaveebad da miusajes Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. wlis ganmavlobaSi, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros winaaRmdeg Semotanili iyo samoqalaqo saCivari, sadac ganmcxadebeli iTxovda kompensacias damnaSavis mxridan dazaralebulis sasargeblod.  wlis bolosaTvis saqme jer kidev Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi iyo.

gereralurma prokuraturam daiwyo poliiciis mxridan  wamebisa an cudad mopyrobis Sesaxeb gancxadebebis gamoZieba, magram ramdenime SemTxvevaSi gamoZieba uzomod gaiwela yovelgvari daskvnis gacemis gareSe an Tu dasrulda, umetes SemTxvevaSi dasrulda iseTi daskvniT, rom policiis mxridan Zalis gamoyeneba zomierad iqna miCneuli da gamarTlda.

2006 wels policiis qcevis kodeqsi policiis oficrebs akisrebs valdebulebas pativiscemiT miudgnen nebismieri adamianis uflebebs da gamoiyenon Zala mxolod maSin, rodesac es aucilebelia samsaxureobrivi movaleobis Sesasruleblad; Sinangan saqmeTa saministrosa da generalur prokuraturas daevalaT kontroli am kodeqsis aRsrulebaze. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros generaluri inspeqciis samsaxuri iZiebs policiis oficrebis mier savaraudod Cadenil darRvevebs, iRebs moqalaqeTa saCivrebs saministros cxeli xaziT, saxalxo damcvelisagan an saministros adamianis uflebebis mTavari qvedanayofidan da saministros monitoringis departamentidan.  darRvevebi SeiZleba gadamisamarTdes policiis oficris zedamxedvelTan, romelmac aseve SeiZleba gamoikvlios saqme.  disciplinaruli zomebi SieZleba iyos Svidi tipis: gafrTxileba, sayveduri, mkacri sayveduri, saministros niSnis CamorTmeva, daqveiTeba, daqveiTeba erTi safexuriT an samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba. Tu aris eWvi, rom policiis oficerma Caidina sisxlis samarTlebrivi danaSauli, policieli droebiT Tavisufldeba movaleobis Sesrulebisgan. xolo, Tu braldeba damtkicda, gamoZiebis masalebi gadaecema generalur prokuraturas, sadac saqmeze ukve aRiZreba sisxlis samarTlebrivi gamoZieba.

wlis ganmavlobaSi, policiis akademiam sapatrulo policiis ZiriTad saswavlo kursSi Seitana adamianis uflebebis dacvis programa da Caatara damatebiTi specializirebuli swavleba adamianis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxze iseT saerTaSoriso partniorebTan erTad, rogoricaa evropis sabWo. policiis akademiis programaSi, romlis mixedviT momzadebas gadis 1,287 sapatrulo policieli, raionis inspeqtori da policiis umcrosi oficeri, Setanilia saswavlo kursi Zalis gamoyenebis samarTlebriv aspeqtebze, taqtikuri treningi kritikul situaciebSi molaparakebis unar-Cvevebis gamosamuSaveblad, raTa Zala gamoyenebuli iyos mxolod rogorc ukiduresi resursi; aRniSnulTan erTad tardeba praqtikuli varjiSebi Teoriuli masalis sailustraciod.   

dapatimreba da dakaveba

policias, gamomZieblebs da prokurorebs ufleba aqvT daakavon eWvmitanili piri orderis gareSe, magram kanonSi miTiTebulia, rom dakavebuli unda warsdges magistrati mosamarTlis winaSe dakavebidan 72 saaTis ganmavlobaSi.  Tu piris mimarT am vadaSi braldeba ar iqneba wayenebuli, piri unda gaTavisufldes. generaluri prokuratura aris erTaderTi organo, romelic uflebamosilia iqonios pirdapiri urTierToba sasamarTloebTan. wlis bolos monacemebiT, 72 saaTze meti droiT bralis wayenebis gareSe piris dakavebis Sesaxeb informacia ar Semosula. 

wlis ganmavlobaSi, saxalxo damcvelma da adamianis uflebebis dacvaze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebma ganacxades ramdenime SemTxvevis Sesaxeb, rodesac samarTaldamcavma oficrebma sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze dapatimrebis mizniT pirs Caudes narkotikuli nivTiereba an iaraRi.

2007 wlis maisSi cvlileba Sevida kanonSi da 14 wlis nacvlad dadginda minimaluri asaki 12 weli, rodesac mcirewlovani pasuxs agebs iseTi mZime danaSaulebebis gamo, rogoricaa gaupatiureba da pirveli xarisxis mkvleloba. “Human Rights Watch” da sxva organizaciebi kritikiT Sexvdnen aRniSnul cvlilebas. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, 1 ivlisidan mcirewlovans, romelic Caidens mZime danaSauls, Seufardebenn jarimas im dromde, sanam saxelmwifo gaxsnis mcirewlovanTa gamosasworebel dawesebulebas, romelic SesabamisobaSi iqneba saerTaSoriso standartebTan.  wlis bolos aseTi dawesebulebis mSeneblobis gegma ar arsebobda.

dakavebuls ufleba aqvs dauyovnebliv moiTxovos advokati da mis gareSe ar upasuxos SekiTxvebs.  xelmokle braldebulebs ufleba aqvT isargeblon saxazino advokatis momsaxurebiT. procesze pasuxismgebeli saminstro, braldebulis TxovniT, niSnavs advokats. Tu braldebulma moiTxova advokati dakavebis Semdeg, advokatTan dakavSireba da mowveva evaleba saqmeze pasuxismgebel gamomZiebels an prokurors. wlis ganmavlobaSi moqmedebda kanoni, romlis mixedviT sisxlis samarTlis braldebiT wardgenil pirebs advokati emsaxureba ufasod.

2007 wlis seqtemberSi, Tavdacvis yofilma ministrma - irakli oqruaSvilma satelevizio pres-konferenciaze ganacxada, rom igi gadavida opoziciaSi da daadanaSaula prezidenti saakaSvili ramodenime seriozul danaSaulSi, misTvis cnobili biznesmenis - badri patarkaciSvilis mkvlelobis dakveTis CaTliT. imave Tvis bolos policiam daapatimra oqruaSvili da daadanaSaula korufciaSi.  opoziciis liderebi gamoTqvamdnen wuxils, rom oqruaSvilis dakaveba moxda politikuri motiviT da miznad isaxavda politikuri opoziciis daSinebasa da wamoadgens mTavrobis mxridan adamianis uflebebis morig darRvevas. oqruaSvili gaaTavisufles giraoTi 2007 wlis oqtomberSi, aRiarebiTi video-Cvenebis micemis Semdeg, sadac man aRiara ramdenime braldeba da uaryo mis mier saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli braldebebi.  2007 wlis noemberSi oqruaSvilma datova qveyana da sazRvargareT micemul interviuebSi ganacxada, rom misi aRiarebiTi Cveneba, braldebis uaryofa da qveynidan wasvla iZulebis qveS moxda.   2007 wlis noemberSi TbilisSi Sedga oqruaSvilis sasamarTlo procesi braldebulis dauswreblad, romrlzec mas miesaja 11 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa msxvili gamoZalvis braldebiT. 23 aprils mas safrangeTSi politikuri TavSesafari misces.  12 seqtembers safrangeTis saapelacio sasamarTlom oqruaSvilis saqarTveloSi eqstradirebis moTxovna ar daakmayofila. wlis ganmavlobaSi oqruaSvilis politikuri partiis wevrebi acxadebdnen, rom partiasTan daaxlovebul pirebsa da ojaxis wevrebs apatimrebdnen partiasTan kavSiris gamo.

adaminis uflebebis damcveli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi acxadeben, rom mTavrobam daakava 60-dan 100 samxedromde agvistos SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Semdeg. zogi am faqts xsnida im mizeziT, rom dakavebulebi ar gamocxaddnen omis dros TavianT qvedanayofebSi. sxvebi amtkiceben, rom dakaveba moxda narkotikebis gamoyenebis gamo an sxva braldebiT.  presa acxadebda, rom samxedroebs iWerdnen imis gamo, rom isini mTavrobis qmedebas akritikebdnen. wlis bolos bevri maTgani iyo Sewyalebuli an giraoTi gamoSvebuli. patimrobaSi darCenilTa ricxvi ucnobia.

dacvis advokats ufleba aqvs yovelgvari dabrkolebis, meTvalyuris an raime akrZalvis gareSe Sexvdes braldebuls; Tumca zogi advokati gamoTqvams eWvs, rom policiis ganyofilebaSi arsebuli audio da video aparatura, romelic unda gamoiyenebodes gamomZieblis an policielis mier eWvmitanilTa dakiTxvis Casawerad, zogjer gamoiyeneba ara daniSnulebisamebr, anu xdeboda advokatis da klientis saubrebis mosmena da Cawera.

policiis oficrebma dakavebulTa ojaxis wevrebs unda acnobon maTi adgilsamyofeli dakavebidan 5 saaTSi da saqmis masalebSi unda daafiqsiron Setyobinebis detalebi. monitoringis samsaxurebi regularulad amowmebdnen am Canawerebs policiis ganyofilebebSi vizitebis dros.

policia valdebulia dakavebuls zepirad gaacnos maTi uflebebi da gadasces oficris da dakavebulis mier xelmowerili dakavebis da Cxrekis oqmis aslebi, rac adasturebs dakavebulis mier misi uflebebis gacnobis faqts. saxalxo damcvelis aparatis da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi  policia srulad ar acnobs dakavebulebs maT uflebebs, xolo Tu acnobs, dakavebulTaTvis maTi Sinaarsis gageba Znelia.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodesis mixedviT, winaswar aRmkveT RonisZiebebSi Sedis: dakaveba, girao da piradi Tavdeboba. Setanili cvlilebebiT gauqmda iseTi alternativebi, rogoricaa Sida patimroba da policiis zedamxedveloba. 2007 wlis ianvridan sasamarTlo cdilobs mimarTos giraos da ara winaswar patimrobas. arasamTavroboebi aRniSnaven, rom ekonomikuri siduxWiris gamo zogierTi mopasuxe ver ixdis giraos im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac es ufleba sasamarTlos mieraa miniWebuli da amis gamo saboloo jamSi xvdeba winaswar patimrobaSi. statistikis mixedviT, wlis pirveli 11 Tvis ganmavlobaSi girao Seefarda 53.7 procents, 2007 wlis igive periodis 54.9 procentTan SedarebiT. giraos minimaluri odenoba iyo 2,000 lari (daaxloebiT 1,210 dolari). wlis igive periodSi winaswari patimroma gamoyenebuli iyo SemTxvevebis 45.1 procentSi, roca 2007  wlis monacemebis mixedviT am maCvenebelma 43.9 procenti Seadgina.  daSvebulia giraod sakuTrebis miReba.

kanonis Tanaxmad da praqtikulad, sasamarTlos da gasaCivrebis periodi iwureba 12 Tvis vadaSi. dakavebul pirs 72 saaTis ganmavlobaSi unda waredginos braldeba an unda gaTavisufldes. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier ganaCenis gamotanamde maTi dakaveba SesaZlebelia maqsimum cxra Tvis ganmavlobaSi. ganaCenis gamotanis Semdeg, sasjelis vadis moxda iwyeba momentalurad, ganusazRvrelad imisa, mimdinareobs Tu ara gasaCivrebis procesi. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis vada aris sami Tve, xolo uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palataSi – eqvsi Tve. Tu gasaCivrebis yvela etapi amowurulia, patimris dakaveba SeiZleba maqsimum 18 Tvis manZilze.  pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi procesis dawyebidan ganaCenis gamotanamde vadobrivi SezRudvebi ar aris dawesebuli.

e. samarTliani da sajaro sasamarTlo procesis uaryofa  

kanoni iTvaliswinebs damoukidebel sasamarTlo sistemas, Tumca, arsebobs uamravi gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba agrZelebs zewolas sasamarTloebze.  bevri arasamTavrobo acxadebs, rom sasamarTloebi mxolod beWeds usvamen prokuroris mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas zedmeti zegavlena aqvs sasamarTloebze. arasamTavroboebma aseve gamoxates SeSfoTeba, rom axlad daniSnul mosamarTleebs akliaT gamocdileba da ar arian saTanadod momzadebulni damoukideblad muSaobisTvis. pirveli instaciis sasamarTloebSi Seuvsebeli vakansiebis gamo gegmiuri sasamarTlo procesebi dagvianebiT tardeboda.

2006 wels konstituciaSi Setanili Sesworebis Tanaxmad, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo, mosamarTleebis makontrolebeli organo, wlis manZilze moqmedebda rogorc damoukidebeli dawesebuleba da mis wevrTa umetesoba warmoadgenda sasamarTlo sistemas. 2007 wlis ivnisSi parlamentma cvlilebebi Seitana sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb kanonSi, romlis safuZvelze moxda iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos reorganizacia da iusticiis ministris, aRmasrulebeli Stos bolo warmomadgenlis, sabWos wevrobidan moxsna. sasamarTlo sistemis 8 warmomadgeneli, romlebic SearCia mosamarTleTa konferenciam da uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem, warmoadgenen iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Semadgenlobis umravlesobas. ori wevrs niSnavs prezidenti, sams – parlamenti. parlamentis iuridiuli komitetis Tavmjdomare – amJamad mmarTveli partiis wevri – Tanamdebobrivad aris iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos wevri. ivlisis cvlilebis mixedviT parlamentis mier arCeuli sami wevridan erTi opoziciuri partiis warmomadgeneli unda iyos.

konstituciuri cvlilebebis Sedegad, mosamarTleebis daniSvnis an gaTavisuflebis ufleba prezidentisagan gadaeca iusticiis umaRles sabWos, xolo uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare gaxda sabWos Tavmjdomare, raTa mosamarTleebis daniSvnis procesi ufro gamWvirvale gamxdariyo.  miuxedavad imisa, rom obieqturi, werilobiTi gamocdebis meSveobiT Seiqnma kvalificiuri, potenciuri kandidatebis baza da maTi saxelebi sajarod iqna gamoqveynebuli, sazogadoebrivi gamoZaxilis misaRebad, mosamarTleTa daniSnvis procesi mainc ver gaxda sakmarisad gamWvirvale. zepiri gasaubrebebi imarTeboda daxurul kars miRma da sazogadoebisaTvis ucnobi xdeboda SerCevis kriteriumebi.

2007 wlis ivlisSi parlametma gamosca kanoni, mxareTa Soris komunikaciis Sesaxeb, romelic prokurorebs, braldebulebs, gamomZieblebs da yvela dainteresebul mesame mxares ukrZalavs sasamarTlo darbazs miRma mosamarTlesTan kontaqts, procesze zegavlenisagan dacvis mizniT. kanonma, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2007 wlis agvistoSi, gaabaTila sabWoTa droebis kanoni, romelic iTvaliswinebda mosamarTleebis dasjas sisxlis samarTlis da administraciuli wesiT, “araswori gadawyvetilebebis” miRebis gamo; mravalT es debulebebi miaCniaT mTavrobis xelSi arsebul, sasamarTlos damokidebulebis SemzRudav berketad. mosamarTleebi valdebulni araian sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares dauyovnebliv, werilobiT acnobon sasamarTlo darbazs miRma mxareebTan nebismieri komunikaciis Sesaxeb; Tavmjdomare 14 dRis vadaSi ganixilavs informacias da ufleba aqvs, daakisros 2,000 laris odenobis jarima (daaxloebiT 1,210 dolari) an saqme gansaxilvelad gadasces iusticiis sabWos mdivans. amis Semdeg sabWos mdivans aqvs erTi Tve am angariSis gansaxilvelad dadisciplinaruli zomis Sefardebis mizniT Sesabamisi maregulirebeli organosaTvis gadasacemad, rogoricaa magaliTad, prokurorebis SemTxvevaSi generaluri prokuratura, advokatis SemTxvevaSi - saqarTvelos advokatTa asociacia an gamomZieblebis SemTxvevaSi - Sesabamisi uwyebebis ufrosi. iusticiis umaRles sabWos ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros maregulirebeli organoebis gadawyvetileba, an daakisros disciplinaruli sanqcia administraciuli normebis mixedviT.

“sasamarTlo darbazs miRma” komunikaciis Sesaxeb axali kanonis miRebidan, iusticiis umaRles sabWos ecnoba oTxi darRvevis Sesaxeb; maTgan samSi sajaro moxeleebi ar monawileobdnen.

3 seqtembers, zestafonis raionulma mosamarTlem miiRo satelefono zari pirovnebisagan, romelmac Tavisi Tavi iusticiis ministrad waradgina da sTxova, rom erT-erT samoqalaqo saqmeze gadawyvetileba erT-erTi mxaris, misi megobris sasargeblod gamoetana.  mosamarTlem amis Sesaxeb acnoba sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelmac es angariSi samarTaldamcav organoebs gadasca. wlis bolos damrekavis vinaobis amosacnobad mimdinreobda winaswari gamoZieba.

generalur prokuraturas evaleba prokurorebis mier 2006 wels miRebuli eTikis kodeqsis darRvevaze reagireba. generaluri prokuratura awarmoebs aseTi faqtebis gamoZiebas da generalur prokurors warudgens am informacias disciplinaruli sanqciis rekomendaciasTan erTad. kodeqsis sisruleSi moyvana gaaqtiurda SarSan, rodesac 21 prokuroris winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli iqna disciplinaruli sanqcia, SeniSvniT dawyebuli da sayveduriT an mkacri sayveduriT damTavrebuli. aRniSnuli 21 SemTxvevidan sami iyo eTikis darRveva.  wlis ganmavlobaSi prokurorebis winaaRmdeg mimdinareobda sisxlis samarTlis ocdaoTxi saqme, maTgan 11 iyo wina wlebidan gadmosuli.  wlis ganmavlobaSi ori prokurori damnaSeved iyo cnobili sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, magram isargebles saproceso garigebis uflebiT da cixeSi ar moixades sasjeli.

braldebulma sasamarTlo darbazSi unda daadasturos winaswari patimrobis dros mis mier micemuli Cveneba da mxolod amis Semdeg xdeba CvenebisaTvis mtkicebulebis statusis miniWeba. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebiT, es moTxovna naklebad sruldeba, risi mizezic savaraudod, erTis mxriv, iyo dakavebulebs Soris angariSsworebis SiSi sasamarTlos mier maTi Cvenebis miuReblobis SemTxvevaSi da meores mxriv, kanonis ucodinroba.

kanoni iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 5 wlamde vadiT im mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa mimarT, romlebic Seecdebian sasamarTlos SecdomaSi Seyvanas urTierTgamomricxavi Cvenebebis micemiT. arasamTvroboebi Tvlian, rom am kanonis gamo mowmeebi ufro daucvelni arian prokuraturis zewolisagan, radgan isini naklebad arian dainteresebulni, rom uaryon prokurorisaTvis winaswari patimrobis dros micemuli mamxilebeli Cveneba. prokurorebma mxari dauWires am kanons, radgan maTi azriT mowmeebs naklebad eqnebaT pirveladi Cvenebis Secvlis survili, miuxrdavad zewolisa braldebulis an misi Tanamzraxevelebis mxridan. kanoni ar sjis braldebuls ficis qveS yalbi Cvenebis micemisaTvis. mowmeebi kanonis Tanaxmad valdebuli arian miscen Cveneba. am moTxovnis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobidan Tavisufldebian mxolod im pirobiT, Tu arsebobs imis saSiSroeba, rom moxdeba mowmis naTesavebis mxridan TviTmamxilebeli Cvenebis micema.  

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, wamebac da mtkicebulebis gamoZalvac warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 30 muxli auqmebs zogad wess, romlis Tanaxmad pirebs, romlebsac miadga fizikuri an moraluri ziani an romlebmac ganicades sakuTrebis dazianeba, uflebaa aqvT Seitanon samoqalaqo sarCeli da moiTxovon kompensacia. fizikuri dazianebis kompensacia faravs dakrZalvis, mkurnalobis, protezis, medikamentebis, dazRvevis, finansuri daxmarebis da pensiis xarjebs. moraluri zianis kompensacia SeiZleba moxdes fuladi saSualebebiT. kompensaciis moTxovnis zogadi wesi da danaSaulis Sedegad zianis gamosworeba samoqalaqo devnis meSveobiT Tanabrad vrceldeba yvela danaSaulze, maT Soris wamebaze, mtkicebulebis gamoZalvaze da ukanono dakavebaze.  

iustiiciis umaRlesi sabWo xelmZRvanelobs samiarusian sasamarTlo sistemas, romelSic Sedis raionuli (qalaqis) sasamarTloebi, saapelacio sasamarTloebi da uzenaesi sasamarTlo. raionuli (qalaqis) sasamarTloebi ganixilaven rutinul sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo da administraciul saqmeebs. uzenaesi sasamarTlo warmoadgens saboloo apelirebis instancias

uzenaesi sasamarTlos monacemTa mixedviT, wlis pirveli 11 Tvis ganmavlobaSi uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciulma da sxva saqmeTa palatam gamoitana gadawyvetileba mTavrobis sasargeblod SemTxvevebis 44.5 procentSi da kerZo pirebis da kompaniebis sasargeblod ki-55.2 procentSi. danarCeni saqmeebi gadawyda urTierTSeTanxmebis gziT.  mTavroba agrZelebs magistratorTa sistemis mowyobas konkretuli tipis saqmeebis gansaxilvelad, rogoricaa magaliTad gadacdomis SemTxvevebi. procesis dasasruls sistemaSi iqneba 21 gaerTianebuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo 46 magistratori mosamarTliT, romlebic specializirebulebi iqnebian samoqalaqo, sisxlissamarTlebrivi da administraciuli kategoriis saqmeebSi. wlis pirveli naxevris dasasruls arsebobda xuTi erTiani raionuli sasamarTlo da dainiSna rva magistratori mosamarTle ninowmindaSi, kaspSi, axalgorSi, duSeTSi, TianeTSi, yazbegSi, WiaTuraSi da qarelSi.

2007 wlis ivnisSi, evropis sabWosTan erToblivad iusticiis umaRlesma skolam Camoayaliba mosamzadebeli programa mosamarTleebisaTvis.  2007 wels skolam daiwyo mosamarTleebis momzadeba. maT umravlesobas unda Seesrulebina magistratoris funqcia. aRniSnuli treningebi 2008 welsac gagrZelda. wlis ganmavlobaSi yvela doneze mosamarTleebis xelfasi gaizarda, ramac korufciis survili Seamcira.  mosamaTleebis xelfasi uzenaes sasamarTloSi iyo 4, 299 lari (daaxloebiT 2, 610 dolari), 2, 300 lari (daaxloebiT 1,3 90 dolari) saapelacio donis mosamarTleebisaTvis da 2, 100 lari (daaxloebiT 1, 270 dolari) qveda donis mosamarTleebisaTvis.

2007 wlis oqtomberSi, mosamarTleTa konferenciam miiRo mosamarTleebis eTikis kodeqsi, sadac mocemulia sasamarTlo eTikis wesebi, romlis mizania sasamarTlo sistemis damoukideblobis, miukerZoeblobisa da patiosnebis gaZliereba.  wlis ganmavlobaSi saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa disciplinarulma kolegiam ganixila 22 disciplinaruli saqme 17 mosamarTlis winaaRmdeg.  kolegiam aRiara darRveva da disciplinaruli sanqcia ganaxorciela 10 mosamarTlis mimarT. aqedan erTi SemTxveva warmoadgenda eTikis normis darRvevas.

konstituciuri sasamarTlo ganixilavs samTavrobo ganStoebebs Soris davebs da adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis saCivrebs; igi ZiriTadad demonstrirebas ukeTebda sasamarTlo sistemis  damoukideblobas. konstituciuri ganxilvis uflebamosileba ekuTvnis mxolod konstituciur sasamarTlos. sasamarTlo sakmaod viwrod ganixilavda sakuTar funqcias adamianis uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevebis ganxilvis farglebSi da Tanxmdeboda mxolod im saqmeebis warmoebaze, romlebic exeboda adamianis uflebebis darRvevas kanonis konkretuli muxlebis Sedegad.

sasamarTlo procesi

mopasuxes ufleba aqvs moiTxovos sajaro sasamarTlo, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac saqme Sexeeba erovnuli usafrTxoebis, kerZo cxovrebis an mcirewlovanis interesebis dacvas. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos, Tumca Setanili iyo sxva Sesworebebi, romelTa Sedegad gaZlierda braldebulis uflebebi.

braldebuls ufleba aqvs daeswros mis saqmesTan dakavSirebul sasamarTlo process da miiRos advokatis konsultaciebi; Tumca, upovari braldebulebisaTvis advokatis momsaxurebiT sargebloba praqtikaSi SezRuduli gaxldaT. sisxlis samarTlis damnaSaveTa umetesoba procesze gadioda advokatis gareSe. 2007 wlis ivnisSi parlamentma daawesa sistema, romlis mixedviT braldebulebs miecaT saxazino advokatis momsaxurebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba pirveli 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, maTi finansuri statusis miuxedavad. biujeti gaizarda 1.280.000 laramde (daaxloebiT 776,000 dolari) axali kanonis ganxorcielebis orwliani procesis dawyebis mizniT.

bradebuls ufleba aqvs SekiTxvebi dausvas da daupirispirdes maT winaaRmdeg gamosul mowmeebs da aseve sakuTari saxeliT sasamarTloze warmoadginos nivTmtkicebulebebi da mowmeebi. kanonis Tanaxmad braldebulebs da maT advokatebs ufleba aqvs gaecnon braldebis mxaris mier maT saqmeze mopovebul mtkicebulebebs gamoZiebis nebismier ertapze da sakuTari xarjiT gadaiRon maTi aslebi. kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebulebi iTvlebian udanaSaulod (udanaSaulobis prezumfcia) da aqvT gasaCivrebis ufleba.

kanonis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo mosmenis an procesis dasrulebidan 5 dRis vadaSi sxdomis mdivanma unda moamzados sxdomis oqmi, romelsac xels awers sxdomis mdivani da mosamarTle. mxareebs oqmi gadaecemad mxolod aRniSnuli pirebis mier misi xelis moweris Semdeg. mxareebs ufleba aqvT sasamarTloSi Seitanon komentarebi oqmis teqtsTan dakavSirebiT. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gadaecema mxareebs igive xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi martivi saqmeebis SemTxvevaSi, xolo 14 dRis ganmavlobaSi, Tu es saqme kompleqsuria.

2007 wlidan, SesaZlebeli gaxda sisxlis samarTlis darRvevaSi eWvmitanili pirebis gasamarTleba dauswreblad, TuUamis mizezia  sasamarTlosaTvis Tavis arideba. imave kanonis mixedviT, dauswreblad gasamarTlebul pirebs ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron ganaCeni dapatimrebidan an Cabarebidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, rac iZleva axali procesis gamarTvis garantias.

advokats da braldebuls ufleba aqvT monawileoba miiRon winasasamarTlo mosmenaSi; Tumca, maTi daswreba ar aris savaldebulo. advokatis winasasamarTlo mosmenaze dauswrebloba ar warmoadgens mosmenis gadadebis safuZvels. mosmenis gareSe mosamarTles ufleba aqvs miiRos gadawyvetileba winaswari aRmkveTi RonisZiebis Taobaze.     

kanonis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlom unda daadasturos, rom saproceso garigeba gaformda Zaladobis, muqaris, sicruis an ukanono dapirebebis gamoyenebis gareSe da rom msjavrdebuls hqonda iuridiuli daxmarebis miRebis saSualeba. generaluri prokuratura acxadebs, rom saproceso garigebis umetesobam xeli Seuwyo narkotikebiT vaWrobis saqmeebze mimdinare gamoZiebebs, Tumca arasamTavrobo organizaciebi kvlavac akritikeben saproceso garigebas. gavrcelebulia azri, rom amgvari garigebis misaRwevad (zogi narkotikebiT vaWrobaze ufro mniSvnelovan saqmeebze) pirs uwevs Tanxis gadaxda, Tumca garigeba ar gamoiyeneba sxva danaSaulze informaciis mosapoveblad. mravalTa azriT, zogi saproceso garigeba gulisxmobs, rom braldebuli ar uCivlebs samarTaldamcav organoebs cudad mopyrobisa da wamebisaTvis da mxars dauWers movlenebis maTeul versias, negatiuri gamoxmaurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

saproceso garigebis raodenoba izrdeba.  pirveli 11 Tvis ganmavlobaSi saproceso SeTanxmeba SesTavazes 10, 085 braldebuls, 2007 wlis imave periodis 9, 048 maCvenebelTan SedarebiT, rac 11.5 procentian zrdas warmoadgens.  saangariSo periodSi saproceso SeTanxmeba gaformda saqmeebis 53.4 procentze.

2007 wlis ianvarSi, ZalaSi Sevida sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis axali muxli, ris Sedegadac pirs mieca dakavebis - rogorc ukanono moqmedebis gasaCivrebis ufleba, maSinac ki, rodesac dakavebis Semdeg umokles vadaSi moxda misi gaTavisufleba bralis wayenebis gareSe.

12 seqtembers, parlamentma miiRo sakonstitucio cvlileba, romlis Sedegad generaluri prokuratura SeuerTda iusticiis saministros.  gaerTianebul erTeuls saTaveSi Caudga iusticiis ministri.  am Serwymis gamo mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom sasjelaRsrulebis departamenti da probaciis samsaxuri aRar unda yofiliyo iusticiis saministros nawili da unda gamoyofiliyo calke saministrod.  aseve, ganisazRvra, rom iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuri ar unda yofiliyo iusticiis saministros nawili, am samsaxursa da prokuraturas Soris memkvidreobiTi konfliqtis gamo.  30 dekembers, parlamentma cvlileba Seitana kanonSi da moaTavsa es samsaxuri penitencialuri, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris qveS.  cvlilebam aseve 2009 wlis 1 ianvridan  SezRuda ufaso iuridiuli konsultaciebis xelmisawvdomoba maTTvis, vinc kanoniT xelmokled iqna miCneuli.

adamianis uflebebis dacvis aqtivistebma gamoxates SeSfoTeba imis gamo, rom Serwyma ar aZlevs prokutaruras sakmaris damoukideblobas iusticiis saministrosagan da ar iZleva generaluri prokuroris daniSvnaze pirdapiri saparlamento kenWis yris saSualebas. kanonSi miTiTebulia, rom prezidents da premier-ministrs ar aqvT ufleba, gaauqmon iusticiis ministrisa da prokurorebis gadawyvetileba, romelic miRebulia maTi samsaxuroebrivi funqciebis Sesrulebisas.

am Serwymis nawilia sisxlis samarTalis instruqciebi, romelic gaxda konfedencialuri da potenciurad sirTules warmoadgens iuristebisaTvis, rodesac isini cdiloben sisxlis samarTlebriv saqmeebSi proceduruli aspeqtebis wamowevas, radgan es informacia, zogadi principebic ki, ar aris gaziarebuli, rogorc sajaro informacia.  iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris damoukideblobis, gamWvirvalobis da efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad, xelisuflebam daafuZna sazedamxedvelo organo, romelic Sedgeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlisagan, saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciis warmomadgenlisagan, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisagan, parlamentis wevrebisagan da sasjelaRsrulebis da probaciis TanamSromlebisagan.  iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris biujetis Semcireba sazedamxedvelo organos nebarTvis gareSe dauSvebelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom es zomebi gatarda, iuridiulma arasamTavroebma aRniSnes, rom iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris Seyvana penitenciuri da probaciis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi ar uwyobs xels am samsaxuris damoukideblobas.  wliur saxelmwifo biujetTan erTad, iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuri finansdeba gare samsaxurebisagan miRebuli SemowirulobebiT da grantebiT. iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris mier gamoqveynebuli statistikis mixedviT, misi biujetis 97 procenti, anu 2,871,000 lari iyo dafinansebuli saxelmwifo biujetidan.

politikuri patimrebi da dakavebulebi

saxalxo damcvelis samsaxurma daasaxela xuTi politikuri patimari: merab ratiSvili, ioseb jandieri, ilia wurwumia, joni jiqia da dimitri godabreliZe. maT brali daedoT 2007 wels mTavrobis winaaRmdeg gamosvlebSi monawileobaSi.  adgilobrivi arasamTavroboebi acxadeben, rom politikuri patimrebi arseboben, magram xSirad ver Tanxmdebian imaze, Tu rogori unda moxdes politikuri patimris gansazRvra an im adamianTa ricxvis dadgena, romelic am kvalifikacias akmayofilebs. parlamentis adamianis uflebebis komitetma ganacxada, rom qveyanaSi politikuri patimrebi ar arian.

prokuraturis gancxadebis misxedviT, ratiSvili da jiqia daapatimres narkotikuli nivTierebis Senaxvis gamo.  sasamarTlom isini damnaSaveebad scno da miusaja cxra da Svidi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa cixeSi.  wurwumia daapatimres policiis oficrisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis muxliT, radgan is xels uSlida sazogadoebrivi wesrigis damyarebis mcdelobas.  igi damnaSaved scnes da miusajes sami wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.  prokuraturam ganacxada, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRiZreboda mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu is akmayofilebda mtkicebulebasTan dakavSirebul standartebs. 

2007 wlis ganmavlobaSi figurirebda samSoblos Ralatis ori gaxmaurebuli saqme: irakli baTiaSvilis saqme da yofili saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis ministris, igor giorgaZis 14 mokavSiris saqme, maia Tofurias CaTvliT. wlis ganmavlobaSi baTiaSvili gamouSves prezidentis Sewyalebis safuZvelze, xolo giorgaZis mokavSireebis gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni saapelacio sasamarTlom ZalaSi datova.  orive saqme evropis adamianis uflebebis dacvis sasamarTloSi gaigzavna: baTiaSvilis - 2007 wlis ianvarSi, xolo maia Tofuriasi - 2007 wlis martSi.

2007 wlis oqtomberSi, opoziciam gamoaqveyna manifesti, sadac Camoyalibebuli iyo ramdenime moTxovna, politikuri patimrebis gaTavisuflebis CaTvliT.  manifestSi moxseniebuli iyvnen irakli oqruaSvili da irakli baTiaSvili.  2007 wlis noemberSi opoziciam Seadgina 42 kaciani sia im pirebisa, romlebic maT politikur patimrebad miaCndaT da warudgina igi mTavrobas. am siidan ocdaToTxmeti adamiani gaTavisuflebul iyo wlis bolos; ori maTgani, baTiaSvili da jandieri Sewyalebulebi iyvnen.  wlis bolos am siidan 14 adamiani kvlavac patimrobaSi imyofeboda.

mTavrobam adamianis uflebebis dacvis saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv organizaciebs ufleba misca moenaxulebinaT egreTwodebuli politikuri patimrebi da ramdenime organizaciam isargebla am uflebiT wlis ganmavlobaSi.

samoqalaqo iuridiuli procedurebi da samarTlebrivi dacva

konstitucia iTvaliswinebs samoqalaqo sakiTxebis damoukidebel da miukerZoebel sasamarTlo ganxilvas, Tumca gamoTqmuli iyo garkveuli eWvebi mosamarTleTa profesionalizmTan da ganaCenis gamWvirvalobasTan dakavSirebiT. kanoniT da konstituciiT, piri, romelsac miadgeba zarali TviTneburi dakavebis an sxva ukanono an TviTneburi qmedebis Sedegad, uflebamosilia Seitanos samoqalaqo sarCeli.

2006 wlis maiss afxazeTis de-faqto parlamentma miiRo gadawyvetileba, romelic de-faqto sasamarTloebs ukrZalavs afxazeTidan 1992-93 wlebamde, aRniSnul periodSi an mas Semdgom wasuli eTnikuri qarTvelebis mier sakuTrebis Taobaze Semotanili sarCelebis ganxilvas, rac xels uwyobs qveynis SigniT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebisaTvis afxazeTSi arsebuli sakuTrebis CamorTmevas. gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, eTnikuri qarTvelebis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebiT warsulSi miRebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi an ganxilvis procesSi myofi saqmeebi baTilad iqna cnobili. arsebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, afxazeTis de-faqto sasamarTloebi ar cdilobdnen faqtebis dadgenas an samarTlianobis damyarebas da moqmedebdnen prokurorebis da samarTaldamcavi uwyebebis miTiTebebis Sesabamisad. damnaSaveebi qrTams aZlevdnen policielebs, prokurorebs da mosamarTleebs da amgvarad aridebdnen Tavs sasjels. 

z. ganzrax  Careva pirad cxovrebaSi, saojaxo sakiTxebSi, mimoweris

  saidumloebis darRveva   

kanoni krZalavs amgvar qmedebebs sasamarTlo nebarTvis an kanonieri saWiroebis gareSe da policias ukrZalavs orderis gareSe binis Cxrekis, faruli operaciis an TvalTvalis Catarebas. video/audio TvalTvalis da mosmenebis Sedegad opoziciis winaaRmdeg wayenebuli braldebebi iwvevs arasamTavrobo organizacebsa da saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebis eWvs. krizisis saerTaSoriso jgufis (ICG) 2007 wlis dekembris angariSis mixedviT, samoqalaqo seqtoris aqtivistebi Civian, rom satelefono mosmenebi gaxSirda da gamoiyeneba opoziciis an sazogadoebrivi moRvaweebis da biznesmenebis maqinaciebSi gasaxvevad.

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi kvlavac acxadeben, rom policia agrZelebs kerZo satelefono saubrebis mosmenas sasamarTlo nebarTvis gareSe; policia xSir SemTxvevaSi orders iRebs mxolod Cxrekis an mosmenis faqtis Semdgom. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis TqmiT, moqalaqeTa umetesobisaTvis ucnobia, rom maT ufleba aqvT moiTxovon maTi saxlebis Cxrekis gadavadeba erTi saaTiT, raTa moiwvion ori obieqturi mowme, romlebic daeswrebian Cxrekas. xelisuflebis gancxadebiT, dacvis policia da sagadasaxado uwyebebi Sediodnen saxlebSi da ofisebSi kanonieri sanqciis gareSe.

arsebobda mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom sakuTrebis uflebis sferoSi kanonis uzenaesoba da saproceso moTxovnebi saTanadod ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. 2007 wlis ivnisSi miRebuli kanonis Tanaxmad saWiro gaxda saxelmwifosTan gaformebuli saijaro xelSekrulebebis xelaxali registrireba. aRniSnulma kanonma saxelmwifos misca ukanono moijareebis gasaxlebis ufleba, xuTi dRiT adre gagzavnili Setyobinebis safuZvelze. 2007 wlis manZilze am kanonma mravalTa eWvi da protesti gamoiwvia. 2007 wlis noembris movlenebis Semdeg da wlis ganmavlobaSi arCevnebis dros, mTavrobam Seasusta Tavisi pozicia ukanono mSeneblobebTan dakavSirebiT da gasca ukanonod agebuli Senobebis an SeZenili sakuTrebis legalizaciis nebarTva, ramac sazogadoebrivi protesti Caacxro.

2007 wlis noemberSi parlamentma miiRo rezolucia, romliTac saxelmwifo uwyebebs, samarTaldamcavi organoebis CaTvliT, aZlevs miTiTebas sadao SenobebSi SeWris Sewyvetis Taobaze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moqalaqisaTvis miyenebuli ziani gacilebiT aRemateba am dadgenilebis aRsrulebiT miRweul sargebels.

2007 wels, sxvadasxva saministroebma da qalaqebma gaakeTes winaswari Setyobineba vadis amowurvamde, romelic Seexeboda 1,950 sxvadasxva sakuTrebas.  mTavrobam dasZina, rom saqmeebi xelaxla gadaisinjeboda da yvela mesakuTres ar CamoerTmeoda sakuTreba.

2007 wlis aprilSi, HRW-is mixedviT, TbilisSi da mezobel qalaqSi restornebis mflobelebisagan Semodioda saCivrebi maszed, rom mTavroba aiZulebda maT qonebis gadacemas sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis muqariT, imis gamo, rom es qoneba SeZenili iyo korufciuli garigebebis Sedegad SevardnaZis periodSi. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom am qonebaze ijara an amowuruli an gaurkveveli iyo, anda gayalbebuli garigebebis an korufciasTan dakavSirebuli qrTamis Sedegad iyo gaformebuli. adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebi gamoTqvamdnen SeSfoTebas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mTavroba arasakmarisad icavda procesualur normebs da kanonis uzenaesobas.  saxalxo damcvelma gamoiZia 10 aseTi saqme wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tumca saqmeebis raodenoba savaraudod bevrad meti iyo. saxalxo damcvelma Tavisi SeSfoTeba 30 dekembris parlamentSi gamosvlis dros gamoTqva.

z. gadametebuli Zalis gamoyeneba da sxva saxis darRvevebi Sida konfliqtis zonebSi.

afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis regionebSi separatistuli konfliqti kvlavac mougvarebelia da kidev ufro gaRrmavda saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris 7-12 agvistos SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros. 

Zaladobis SemTxvevebi xSiri iyo afxazeTSi, gansakuTrebiT eTnikurad qarTul galis regionSi da samxreT oseTSi.  SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Semdeg, romelic 7 agvistos daiwyo, mTavrobam dakarga kontroli afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTze.

afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi adaminis uflebebTan da humanitarul mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT informacia mwiria am regionebSi SesvlasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis gamo.  2007 wlis martSi afxazeTis de-faqto xelisufleba daTanxmda gaeros adamianis uflebebis dacvis oficris teritoriaze SeSvebas da gaeros sami samoqalaqo policiis dafuZnebas galis seqtoris StabSi.

22 agvistos, afxazeTis de-faqto Tavdacvis ministrma gaakeTa rekomendacia UNOMIG-is damkvirveblebis kodoris xeobidan gayvanasTan dakavSirebiT. wlis bolos UNOMIG-is samxedro damkvirveblebs teritoriaze Sesvlis saSualeba hqondaT mxolod rusuli samxedro eskortis TanxlebiT. gaeros mandati gagrZelda 2009 wlis 15 Tebervlamde.

26 agvistos rusulma mTavrobam aRiara afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi rogorc damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi; 17 seqtembers ruseTis mTavrobam  de-faqto xelisuflebasTan xeli moawera xelSekrulebebs, romelTa debulebebi iTvaliswinebda teritoriaze ruseTis samxedro Zalebis arsebobas. 27 agvistos saqarTvelos premier-ministrma xeli moawera gankargulebas, romelic formalurad auqmebda ruseTis samSvidobo operaciebs saqarTveloSi.  damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebis Tanamegrobis farglebSi xelmowerili SeTanxmebebis mixedviT ruseTis samSvidoboebi imyofeboda rogorc afxazeTis, aseve samxreT oseTis teritoriaze.  28 agvistos, qveynis parlamentma miiRo rezolucia, romliTac afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi ruseTis mier okupirebul teritoriebad gamoacxada.

afxazeTis galis regionSi, sadac bevri eTnikuri qarTveli cxovrobs,  kvlavac daZabuli mdgomareobaa, gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis, gatacebebis, TviTneburi dakavebebisa da patimrobaSi gardacvalebis gamo.  problemebi de-faqto xelisuflebis sisxlis samarTlis dacvis sistemaSi, kerZod ki mikerZoebuli gamoZieba da sasamarTlo, qmnis dausjelobis sindroms.  de-faqto samarTaldamcavebis mier Cadenili cudad mopyrobis faqtebi moicavs TviTnebur dapatimrebas da dakavebas da aseve, dakavebulebis cudad mopyrobas.  de-faqto samarTaldamcavebi iSviaTad atareben formas an saindetifikacio niSnebs, rac dausjelad moqmedebis saSualebas aZlevT. rusuli samxedro Zalebma da de-faqto SenaerTebma SeuzRudes saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebs afxazeTSi Casvlisa da adamianis uflebebis darRvevis saCivrebis gamoZiebis SesaZlebloba.

7 agvistos konfliqtis dawyebis Semdeg, samxreT oseTis separatistebi klavdnen adamianebs, yaCaRobdnen, sistematurad Tavs esxmodnen qarTul soflebs da ar uSvebdnen saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebs samxreT oseTis okupirebul teritoraze, raTa maT moexdinaT darRvevebis gamoZieba. 

mkvlelobebi

7 agvistos konfliqtis dawyebamde saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialuri pirebi da de-faqto xelisufleba erTmaneTs abralebdnen samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis separatistul teritoriaze TviTnebur dakavebebsa da ukanoni mkvlelobebs, samxreT oseTSi eTnikurad qarTuli soflebis artileriuli cecxlis daSenis CaTvliT.  HRW-s angariSis mixedviT, agvistos konfliqtis dros saqarTvelos, ruseTisa da samxreT oseTis Zalebma omis kanoni bevrjer daarRvies, ris Sedegadac adgili hqonda mSvidobian mosaxleobas Soris msxverpls da sikvdils da moqalaqeTa qonebis dakargvas.  HRW-ma gamoacxada, rom saqarTvelosa da ruseTis Zalebi gadametebul da gaumarTlebel Zalas iyenebdnen.  maTi daskvniT, saqarTvelos Zalebma ganaxorcieles ukontrolo ieriSi samoqalaqo teritoriebze mravalraketiani Tavdasxmis sistemebidan, romelic ar iZleoda zusti damiznebis saSualebas da samoqalaqo da samxedro obieqtebs Soris gamijvnas.  amboben, rom rusuli mxare aseve iyenebda e.w. “gradis” tipis raketebs. HRW-ma aseve ganacxada, rom samxreT oseTis Zalebma ganaxorcieles samxreT oseTSi eTnikurad qarTuli soflebis mizanmimarTuli da sistematuri ganadgureba.  HRW-ma daaskvna, rom samxreT oseTis Zalebi miznad isaxavdnen soflebis eTnikur wmendas da aSkarad arRvevdnen humanitaruli kanonis moTxovnebs, risTvisac unda moxdes individualuri sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna saomari periodis dros Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis. “Amnesty International”-ma daafiqsira yaCaRobis, Zarcvis, mkvlelobebis, saxlebis dawvisa da qarTvelebis eTnikuri devnis mravali SemTxveva da daadgina, rom ruseTis Zalebi ar icavdnen mSvidobian mosaxleobas da ar ereodnen, rodesac samxreTi oseTis separatistebi Tavs esxmodnen qarTul soflebs.  HRW-ma aRniSna, rom ruseTis Zalebi ver uzrunvelyofdnen sazogadoebriv wesrigs da usafrTxoebas maT mier kontrolirebad teritoriebze.

HRW-is angariSis mixedviT, kaseturi WurvebiT, romlebsac ruseTi da saqarTvelo iyenebdnen, daiRupa 17 samoqalaqo piri da bevrad meti daasaxiCrda; am SemTxvevebis umetesoba rusebis iaraRiT moxda. konfliqtis Semdeg aufeTqebeli Wurvebi, gansakuTrebiT tanksawinaaRmdego naRmebi, mofenili iyo samxreT oseTis gzebsa da mimdebare teritoriebze.

konfliqtis Semdgom, afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis administraciuli sazRvris gaswvriv grZeldeboda Tavdasxmebi. saerTaSoriso monitorebma ver SesZles damrRvevebis dadgena, magram daadgines, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi es Tavdasxmebi afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis mxridan xdeboda. mTavrobam gamoacxada, rom aseTi incidentebis dros, miuxedavad cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebisa, daiRupa Sinagan saqmeTa saministros 10  TanamSromeli, xolo sami daiWra. 10 noembers mokluli iqna ori oficeri, xolo sami oficeri daiWra afeTqebis Sedegad - asafeTqebeli obieqti mimagrebuli iyo samxreT oseTis droSaze, romelic oseTis administraciuli sazRvris miRma iyo damontaJebuli. zogierTi Tavdasxma teritoriis garedan xorcieldeboda. 17 noembers samxreT oseTis presam gamoaqveyna informacia soflis macxovreblis Sesaxeb, romelic mokluli iqna snaiperis gasroliT, avtomobiliT gadaadgilebisas samxreT oseTis teritoriaze.

wlis bolos, agvistos konfliqtis dros mokluli samoqalaqo pirebis raodenoba ucnobi iyo; HRW-is varaudiT mokluli iyo asobiT mSvidobiani moqalaqe.

gataceba

2007 wlis TebervalSi eTnikuri qarTvelis, afxazebis mier kontrolirebadi galis raionis de-faqto arCevnebis komisiis Tavmjdomaris daviT siguas gatacebis saqme, dResac gauxsnelia.  saqarTvelos mTavroba uaryofs afxazeTis braldebas imis Sesaxeb, rom is dakavSirebulia am gauCinarebasTan da orive mxare SeTanxmda erTobliv gamoZiebaze, romelsac wlis bolos gaero axorcielebda. siguas adgilsamyofeli dRemde ucnobi rCeba.

mTavroba da dakarguli adamianebis sakiTxebze momuSave afxazeTis komisia acxadebs, rom 1992-93 wlis afxazeTis omis Sedegad dakargulia daaxloebiT 2,000 qarTveli da afxazi.  samxreT oseTis de-faqto xelisufleba acxadebs, rom 1991 da 2004 wlis konfliqtebis Semdeg dResdReobiT dakargulia 116 adamiani. wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti agrZelebs xelisuflebis daxmarebas dakarguli adaminebis ojaxebisaTvis informaciis miwodebis saqmeSi.  1992-93 wlebSi dakarguli adamianebis umetesoba ukavSirdeba afxazeTis regions. wlis ganmavlobaSi, wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komitetis informaciiT, 1992-93 wlebSi gardacvlilebis eqsgumacia ar momxdara.  agvistos konfliqtis dawyebidan wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komitetma miiRo 1,100 meti Txovna, sadac ojaxis wevrebi da xelisufleba iTxovdnen daxmarebas adamianebis povnaSi. dReis mdgomareobiT, 1,000 gancxadeba daixura, 108 Riad rCeba. agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg adamianebis motaceba gamosasyidis misaRebad kidev ufro gaxSirda, gansakuTrebiT galis raionSi eTnikuri qarTvelebis mimarT.  miuxedavad imisa, rom gatacebulebs umetesad swrafad da operatiulad abrunebdnen, zogierTi iyo nacemi, adgili hqonda adamianebis gardacvalebasac. dekembris dasawyisSi dakarguli moxucebuli qalbatonis sxeuli ipoves tyeSi misi soflis maxloblad; sxeulze aRiniSneboda cemis kvali. adgilobrivma mkvidrebma ganacxades, rom igi afxazma mamakacebma gaitaces da gamosasyids iTxovdnen.

arasrulwlovani jariskacebi:

afxazeTSi de-faqto xelisuflebas xSirad ZaliT mihyavda mcirewlovani biWebi saxlebidan da maT aiZulebda afxazeTis miliciaSi emsaxuraT.  zogierTi mSoblis gancxadebiT, maTi vaJebi 18 wlis asaks miRweulebi ar iyvnen, rac jarSi samsaxuris minimalur asaks Seadgens. maSin, rodesac afxazeTis miliciaSi wayvanili eTnikuri qarTvelebis ricxvi mcirea, samxedro samsaxurSi gawveva aris politikuri manipulirebis xerxi, romelsac de-faqto xelisufleba iyenebs eTnikuri qarTvelebis sakontrolod da axalgazrda qarTvelebis galis raionSi dabrunebisa da darCenis Tavidan asacileblad.

konfliqtTan dakavSirebuli sxva darRvevebi

HRW-is gancxadebiT, ruseTTan agvistos konfliqtis dros da mas Semdeg periodSi osma jariskacebma ganzrax mokles cxra eTnikurad qarTveli qali da gaaupatiures ori.  mTavroba acxadebs, rom samxreT oseTis jariskacebma gaaupatiures bevri moqalaqe. imis gamo, rom gaupatiureba socialurad tabudadebul Temad iTvleba, amis Sesaxeb mxolod ramdenime ganacxadeba gakeTda. gaupatiurebis faqtebis gamoZieba rTuldeboda qaoturi mdgomareobis gamo da im mizeziTac, rom aRniSnuli SemTxvevebis adgilze policia naklebad imyofeboda;  es metwilad Seexeboda gamSvebi punqtis meore mxares, sadac saqarTvelos xelisufleba ver Sedioda. 

Civil.ge-s mixedviT, “jun studio”-s monitorma gaakeTa dokumenturi gamoZieba, sadac asaxuli 21 maiss afxazeTis administraciuli sazRvarze sofel xurCaze Tavdasxma da sadac naCvenebia, rom arCevnebis dRes, miuxedavad mTavrobis mtkicebulebisa, Tavdasxma qarTvelebis mier iyo ganxorcielebuli. gaeros mier Catarebulma gamoZiebam daadastura, rom yumbarebi gasrolili iyo saqarTvelos kotrolis qveS myofi cecxlis Sewyvetis zolidan. winaswari angariSis mixedviT, damnaSaveebis identificireba ver moxerxda, magram dafiqsirda garkveuli Seusabamobebi, kerZod – aRniSnuli movlena isea gadaRebuli, rom STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos movlenebi organizebulia da ara Cawerili ganviTarebis procesSi. daSavda oTxi mSvidobiani moqalaqe.

 agvistos konfliqtis dros samxreT oseTSi da mis gareT, HRW-is mklevarebma da sxva TviTmxilvelebma daafiqsires samxreT oseTis miliciis mier Cadenili Zarcva da eTnikurad qarTuli soflebis gadabugva. HRW-is mixedviT, arsebobs satelituri Canawerebi, sadac naTlad Cans, rom ngreva cxinvalis irgvliv xuT sofelSi: TamaraSeni, kexvi, qvemo aCabeTi, zemo aCabeTi da qurTa - gamowveulia gangeb gaCenili xanZriT. naCvenebi dazianebebi iyo masiuri da koncentrirebuli. 12 agvistos HRW-s mkvlevarebi gaesaubrnen oseTis miliciis ramdenime warmomadgenels, romlebmac Riad ganacxades, rom maTi kolegebi gangeb ukidebdnen cecxls saxlebs, rasac imiT xsnidnen, rom iZulebiT gadaadgilebul eTnikur qarTvelebs dasabrunebeli adgili aRar eqnebodaT.

22 agvistos, rusuli on-lain axali ambebis saagento regnum-ma moaxdina eduard kokoiTis, samxreT oseTis de-faqto lideris, citireba, romelmac Tqva, rom kexvisa da TamaraSenis qarTuli anklavebi "likvidirebulia" samxedro operaciebis Sedegad.

HRW-is gancxadebiT, agvistos SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros qarTvelma samxedroebma scemes da abuCad aigdes 32 osi tyvedan sul cota 5.

 agvistos konfliqtTan dakavSirebuli sxva darRvevebi, HRW-is mixedviT, moicavs samxreT oseTis Zalebis mier 159 eTnikuri qarTvelis TviTnebur dakavebas (zogjer ruseTis ZalebTan erTad), erT-erTi dakavebulis mkvlelobas, oTxi qarTveli samxedro patimris sikvdiliT dasjas, samis wamebas, xolo yvela maTganisadmi mopyroba iyo araadamianuri, damamcirebeli da es yvelaferi xdeboda Zalian cud pirobebSi.

mTavrobis oficialuri informaciiT, pirebi, romelic daakava saqarTvelos mxarem konfliqtis dros, imyofebodnen Tavdacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi myof SenobebSi (vazianis samxedro baza), iusticiis saministro (cixe # 8 da cixis saavadmyofo) da Sinagan saqmeTa saministro (droebiTi dakavebis kamerebi).  wjsk-s mieniWa iq Sesvlis SeuzRudavi ufleba, maT moinaxules xuTidan ori omis tyve da usafrTxoebis 12 TanamSromeli, romelic daakava saqarTvelos mxarem agvistos konfliqtis dros.  wjsk-m Seafasa maTi dakavebis pirobebi da saSualeba misca daemyarebina kontaqti ojaxebTan ruseTis federaciasa an samxreT oseTSi.

2006 wels afxazeTis kanoni moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb, romelic gamoricxavs afxazur-qarTul ormag moqalaqeobas, ar krZalavs ormag afxazur-rusul moqalaqeobas, zRudavs eTnikurad qarTuli mosaxleobis uflebas, miiRos monawileoba arCevnebSi da warmodgenili iyos de-faqto parlamentSi, iseve, rogorc adgilobriv de-faqto organoebSi.  agvistos mtruli moqmedebebis dros, de-faqto xelisuflebam gamoacxada, rom samxreT oseTSi dabrunebis msurvelebs SeuZliaT dabruneba, magram im pirobiT, rom oseTis moqalaqeobas miiReben, rac niSnavs rusuli pasportebis aRebas.  qarTvel inJinrebs, romlebic enguris hidroeleqtrosadguris kaSxalze muSaobdnen, romelic afxazeTis administraciul sazRvarze mdebareobs, uTxres, rom Tu maT surT samuSaos gagrZeleba, maT "afxazeTis moqalaqeoba" unda miiRon.

nawili 2. samoqalaqo uflebebis dacva, sadac Sedis:

a. sityvisa da presis Tavisufleba

konstitucia da kanoni uzrunvelyofs sityvisa da presis Tavisuflebas; Tumca, arsebobs sando informacia imis Taobaze, rom mTavroba zRudavs sityvisa da presis Tavisuflebas gansakuTrebiT maisis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg. am SezRudvebis nawili wlis bolosken Semsubuqda.

zogadad, adamianebi akritikeben mTavrobas Riad da pirad saubrebSi, angariSworebis SiSis gareSe. Tumca, ramodenime adamianma ucxoel monitorebs ganucxada, rom isini eridebian mgZnobiare Temebze saubars telefoniT imis gamo, rom mTavroba ismens saubrebs. Semodgomidan da 2007 wlis Sua periodidan pirvelad, opozicionerebi da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi gamoCndnen erTsa da imave SouebSi, rac azris pluralizms uwyobda xels.

qveyanaSi arsebobs daaxloebiT 200 damoukidebeli gazeTi, Tumca umravlesoba adgilobrivia, Zalian mcire tiraJiT gamodis da ar sargeblobs didi gavleniT. wlis ganmavlobaSi gazeTebSi xSirad ibeWdeboda xelisuflebis maRalCinosnebis kritika. unda aRiniSnos, rom damoukidebeli gazeTebidanNcotaa komerciulad mdgradi. politikisa da biznesis mfarvelebi rogorc wesi, afinanseben im gazeTebs, romlebic maTi gavlenis qveSaa.

wlis ganmavlobaSi arasamTavroboebi, damoukidebeli analitikosebi da Jurnalistebi abralebdnen mTavrobis oficialur pirebs da opoziciis politikosebs, rom isini saredaqcio da programul gadawyvetilebebze gavlenas axdendnen axal direqtorebTan da mediis aRmasruleblebTan TavianTi piradi kavSirebis meSveobiT. gaisma braldeba, rom ori erovnuli satelevizio sadguri, rusTavi 2 (2004-Si) da imedi (wlis ganmavlobaSi) iZulebiT iyo gadacemuli sxvis sakuTrebaSi. opoziciam dakarga kontroli telesadgur “imedze”, romelic iyo erTaderTi erovnuli damoukidebeli satelevizio sadguri. aseve iyo ramdenime gacxadebac imis Sesaxeb, rom adgilobrivi mTavrobis warmomadgenlebma da opoziciis politikosebma faqtiurad moaxdines an waaxalises Jurnalistebis fizikuri Seuracxyofa.

ianvris saprezidento arCevnebis Sesaxeb euTo-s saboloo angariSis mixedviT, kampaniis gaSuqeba axal ambebSi satelevizio arxebiT ar iyo dabalansebuli, es Seexeba sazogadoebriv televiziasac.  prezidentis arCevnebis Semdeg da saparlamento arCenebis mosamzadebeli periodis dawyebamde, media sivrce iyo SedarebiT Tavisufali, sazogadoebriv televizias axali xelmZRvaneloba Caudga saTaveSi da yvela politikuri partiis saqmianoba SedarebiT Tanabrad Suqdeboda.  saparlamento arCevnebis dros euTo-m aRniSna sajaro televiziis mxridan gaSuqebis balansis gaumjobeseba prezidentis arCevnebis periodTan SedarebiT, magram amasTan daaskvnes, rom im satelevizio sadgurebis mauwyebloba, sadac Catarda monitoringi, ar iyo saTanadod dabalansebuli.   

21 maisis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg mediis Tavisufleba sagrZnoblad Sesustda. maSin rodesac mediis aRmasruleblebi acxadeben, rom es moxda Semosavlebis Semcirebis gamo da susti sareklamo bazris fonze, saboloo jamSi ki Semcirda alternatiuli azris gaJRereba, gansakuTrebiT televiziiT; gasarTobi gadacemebi Seicvala axali ambebiT an Toq-SouebiT. Semodgomis meore naxevramde damoukidebeli mediis mravalferovneba mkveTrad ecemoda; TbilisSi dafuZnebuli satelevizio sadguri “kavkasia” gamonakliss warmodgenda.  alternatiuli xmebis umravlesoba sagrZnoblad Semcirda, da darCenili media ki koncentrirebuli iyo mTavrobis saqmianobisa da poziciis gaSuqebaze. “Freedom House”-is (Tavisuflebis saxli) informaciiT, Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis tendencia mkveTrad Sesustda 2003 wlis vardebis revoluciis Semdeg.

imedis televiziam Sewyvita mauwyebloba 2007 wlis dekemberSi ramdenime ZiriTadi Jurnalistis wasvlis Semdeg, mas mere, rac mTavrobam ori dRiT adre gamoaqveyna mtkicebulebebi, sadac Canda rogor amzadebda televiziis mflobeli, prezidentobis kandidati badri patarkaciSvili saxelmwifo gadatrialebas.  imedi - bolo damoukidebeli erovnuli televizia ianvris saprezidento arCevnebis dros ar mauwyeblobda. 

TebervalSi, patarkaciSvilis ucabedi gardacvalebis Semdeg, imedi ar mauwyeblobda aprilamde, xolo axal ambebs agvistomde ar aSuqebda.  sadguris mflobeloba gaurkvevelia, xolo patarkaciSvilis qvrivma 10 dekembers mTavrobis winaaRmdeg saarbitraJo sasamarTloSi Seitana sarCeli. gogi jaoSvilma, imedis televiziis erT-erTma registrirebulma yofilma mepatronem, 10 dekembers gamarTul pres-konferenciaze gamoacxada, rom gadasca imedis holdingis aqciebi jozef keis da gadadga ai-medias sameTvalyureo sabWos Tavmjdomaris postidan fsiqologiuri zewolis gamo, romelsac masze saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi organoebi axorcielebdnen. am sajaro gancxadebis gakeTebidan ramdenime saaTSi jaoSvilma datova qveyana.

rusTavi-2-is damfuZnebeli da yofili mflobeli, erosi kiwmariSvili 26 noembers gamovida braldebiT, rom xelisuflebam satelevizio sadguri mas 2004 wels CamoarTva da gamoacxada, rom surs Tavisi wilis dabruneba prezidenti saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg sasamarTlo warmoebis dawyebis gziT.  wlis bolos saqme ar iyo aRZruli.  1 dekembers, rusTavi 2-is momdevno mflobeli, qibar xalvaSi  prokuraturas mimarTavs saCivriT, romelSic wers, rom is mTavrobis oficialurma pirebma aiZules uari eTqva sadguris mflobelobaze.  man msgavsi werili gaagzavna parlamentSic, magram wlis bolos arc erT werilze gamoxmaureba ar miuRia.  

saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli (ssm) wamoadgenda ianvris saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg opoziciis protestis arenas.  opoziciis momxreebma, gaerTianebuli opoziciis saprezidento kandidatebma, levan gaCeCilaZis CaTvliT, sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes ssm-s 20 Jurnalists da moiTxoves ssm-s direqtorisa da sameTvalyureo sabWos Secvla. es cvlilebebi ganxorcielda TebervalSi, mTavrobasa da opoziciis Soris SeTanxmebis Sedegad.  opoziciam airCia sabWos cxra wevridan oTxi, irakli tripolskis, sabWos Tavmjdomaris, CaTvliT. axali, ufro neitraluri direqtori SerCeul iqna opoziciasTan SeTanxmebiT. ssm-s axali Toq-Sou, Svidi dRe, dakompleqtebulia imedis yofili JurnalistebiT, romlebic maSin kritikulad iyvnen ganwyobilebi mTavrobis politikis mimarT. 

26 maiss, opoziciam gamarTa samsaaTiani protesti saparlamento arCevnebis Catarebis da Sedegebis winaaRmdeg da moiTxova am saprotesto aqciis gadacema pirdapir eTerSi.  ssm-ma da sxva sadgurebma farTod gaaSuqes saprotesto aqcia, Tumca, arc erTma ar gaaSuqa is mTlianad pirdapir eTerSi.  opoziciis mier dasaxelebuli ssm-s Tavmjdomare  gadadga da gamoacxada, rom ssm-i aris mikerZovebuli satelevizio sadguri, mas Semdeg, rac misi moTxovna saprotesto aqciis sruli gaSuqebis Sesaxeb uaryofili iqna.

dekembris werilSi, saxalxo damcvelma aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos televizias ar uCvenebia damoukidebeli gamoZiebis Sesaxeb gadaRebuli filmebi ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi.   

ivnisis bolos, axali ambebis moculoba Seikveca da yvela Toq-Sou da analitikuri programa amoRebuli iyo mauwyeblobidan. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi irwmunebian, rom axali ambebis programebi Seikveca mediaze mTavrobis mxridan zewolis Sedegad. amoWril programebs Soris iyo “Svidi dRec” (Seven Days). “mzem”, mTavrobis momxre erovnulma arxma, romelsac bazris 2 procenti ekava, finansuri mizezebis gamo ivnisSi SeaCera Tavisi saqmianoba axali ambebis sferoSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom “mze” aRiqmeba, rogorc pro-samTavrobo sadguri, opoziciis bevrma warmomadgenelma dagmo maTi gadawyvetileba axali ambebis mauwyeblobis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebiT da miuTiTa, rom “mzem”, “rusTavi-2”-isagan gansxvavebiT,  2007 wlis 7 noembris movlenebi pirdapir eTerSi gaaSuqa. garda amisa, ivnisSi radio “imedis” direqtori Seicvala mTavrobis yofili warmomadgenliT. jgufma, romelic daaxloebiT 100 Jurnalistisagan Sedgeboda, 3 ivniss gamoaqveyna mimarTva, sadac am qmedebas Tavisufal mediaze zewola daarqva. wlis dasawyisSi “imedis” televiziis, rogorc damoukidebeli xmis daxurvis Semdeg, radio “imedi” darCa erTaderT erovnul mediad, romelic opoziciuri xedvis gamoxatvis saSualebas iZleoda. maSin, rodesac is jer kidev Ria iyo opoziciis warmomadgenlebisaTvis, radio “imedma” zogadad Seamcira axali ambebis gaSuqeba. seqtemberSi “rusTavi 2”-ma gamoacxada, rom is aRar ganaaxlebs popularul ToqSous "praim-taimi", romelic SeCerda ivnisSi. miuxedavad dapirebebisa, rom programa dabrundeboda eTerSi, rusTavi 2-ma wlis bolomde “praim-taimis” mauwyebloba ar ganaaxla. wlis bolos Toq-Souebi gamoCnda qveynis yvela satelevizio arxze: sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis pirvel arxze, imedze, kavkasiasa da maestroze.

ivnisSi, mamuka Rlontma, sakabelo televiziis "maestro medias" ufrosma Camoayaliba JurnalistTa dacvis komiteti. jgufSi Sevida ramdenime cnobili Jurnalisti, magram isini TiTqmis ar aqtiurobdnen.

2007 wlis noemberSi “maestro”m licenziis Secvlis TxovniT mimarTa Sesabamis organos, raTa SesaZlebeli yofiliyo am arxiT politikuri Toq-Souebis mauwyebloba, magram “maestrom” licenziis Secvlaze  uari miiRo. sadgurma gaagrZela politikuri Souebis mauwyebloba - musikalur klipebTan Tanmxlebi xmovani sinqronis formiT. martSi saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnulma komisiam formalurad gaafrTxila sadguri imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom maT ar hqondaT politikuri programebis eTerSi gaSvebis licenzia. sadgurma gaiTvaliswina miTiTeba da SeaCera politikuri programebi, moiTxova licenzia, magram uari miiRo im ganmartebiT, rom adre kanondarRveviT mauwyeblobda. sadgurma sasamarTloSi saCivari Seitana da seqtembris bolos Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom mxari dauWira erovnuli maregulirebeli komisiis gadawyvetilebas. 10 oqtombers, mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom “maestros” sakabelo televizias miecema politikuri Toq-Souebis mauwyeblobze licenzia. “maestrom” miiRo licenzia da dekemberSi gamovida eTerSi ori politikuri Toq-SouTi: ukomentarod (No Comment) da profesia reportiori (Profession Reporter).

televizia kavkasiam orjer Sewyvita mauwyebloba seqtemberSi, rogorc amboben, teqnikuri mizezebis gamo. kavkasia-s direqtors eWvi hqonda, rom Sewyveta daemTxva pirvel seqtembers sadguris mier mTavrobis agvistos movlenebis dros qmedebebis kritikas. am dRes saqarTvelos yvela satelevizio arxiT pirdapir eTerSi mimdinareobda konfliqtis dros ruseTis moqmedebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli erovnuli cocxali jaWvis samSvidobo protestis gaSuqeba. kavkasiis direqtorma aseve aRniSna, rom ivnisSi finansuri policia kompaniebze zewolas axdenda da ukrZalavda maT am sadgurze reklamis gaSvebas. amis Sedegad, ramdenime kompaniam gawyvita arxTan arsebuli xelSekrulebebi, xolo danarCenebma ivlisSi kontraqtebis amowurvis Semdeg gadawyvites, ar gaegrZelebinaT isini.  kavkasiis direqtorma gvarebi ar daasaxela.

agvistoSi, mediis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris konfliqti.  rusuli Zalebi ar aZlevdnen Juranlistebs separatistul regionSi an gamSvebi saguSagoebis iqiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze Sesvlis saSualebas. cecxli Sewyvetis Semdeg mxolod ruseTis mier akreditirebul Jurnalistebs eZleodaT separatistuli regionis teritoriebze Sesvlis ufleba. 12 agvistos, rva mSvidobiani moqalaqe da germaneli Jurnalisti daiRupa goris centrSi kaseturi bombis afeTqebis Sedegad. konfliqtis dros mokluli iyo kidev sami Jurnalisti, xolo 14 daiWra. sxva Jurnalistebi daayaCaRes, gaitaces, an mZevlebad aiyvanes. Jurnalistebis TqmiT, aRniSnuli Tavdasxmebi Cadenili iyo rusi jariskacebis an ruseTis mier daqiravebuli meomrebis mier.

am periodSi xelisuflebam SezRuda informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da ar aqveynebda mniSvnelovan masalas, rogoricaa magaliTad, daRupulebis raodenoba da vinaoba omis dasrulebamde. mTavrobam gorSi sainformacio centri daaarsa, saidanac Jurnalistebi informacias iRebdnen ruseTis TavdasxmasTan dakavSirebiT.

adamianebis umravlesoba axal ambebs samauwyoblo mediidan igebda.  TbilisSi iyo rva kerZo satelevizio sadguri da erTi sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli-pirveli arxi. TbilisSi dafuZnebuli oTxi sadguri- pirveli arxi, rusTavi 2, imedi da mze, qveynis masStabiT mauwyeblobdnen. imedsa da rusTavi-2-ze didi moTxovna iyo, Tumca imedi ar mauwyeblobda aprilidan da ar dauwyia axali ambebis gadmocema agvistomde.  meTxuTmete arxi, baTumSi dafuZnebuli aWaris televizia, aseve qveynis masStabiT mauwyeblobda. saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebiT, Tbilisis gareT 45 regionaluri satelevizio sadguri iyo, saidanac 17 adgilobriv yoveldRiur ambebs mauwyeblobda, TumcaRa maTi umravlesoba Zalian dabali profesionalizmiT gamoirCeoda da metwilad, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis azrs aSuqebda.

on-lain vidio Jurnalis “Presa.ge”-s orma damoukidebelma Jurnalistma, maka wiklaurma da irakli goguaZem, daafiqsires mTavrobis mxridan zewolis oTxi calkeuli incidenti. 21 maiss goguaZe eswreboda saparlamento arCevnebs iormuRaloSi (kaxeTi), rodesac adgilobrivma aqtivistebma orjer fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes maT, waarTves kaseta da video kamera. 13 agvistos goguaZe firze iRebda TbilisSi rusTavelis prospeqtze devnilTa protests, rodesac ramdenime gaurkvevelma pirovnebam amoiRo akumulatori misi kameridan da gaiqca.  24 agvistos, tyviavSi (Sida qarTli) wiklauri da goguaZe iRebdnen videos, rodesac maT Tavs daesxnen da goguaZes kamera da videokasetebi waarTves.  22 dekembers, TbilisSi, ramdenime gaurkvevelma pirovnebam scada goguaZis manqanaSi ZaliT Cagdeba mas Semdeg, rac maT saidentifikacio baraTis Cveneba sTxoves.  2007 wlis dekemberSi orive Jurnalistma ganacxada, rom mTavrobis mxridan zewolas ganicdida imis gamo, rom gadaiRes dokumenturi filmi qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb.

saxalxo damcvelma gaugzavna werili iusticiis saministros ufrosi prokuroris iuridiuli departementis xelmZRvanels, sadac aRwera es incidentebi da moiTxova maTi gamoZieba. wlis bolos prokurturidan am saqmis statusTan dakavSirebiT gamoxmaureba ar yofila.

15 aprils madona baTiaSvilma, damoukidebeli regionaluri radio sadguris, radio hereTis siRnaRis biuros ufrosma, gaagzavna saxalxo damcvelis aparatSi mimarTva, sadac acnoba levan beJaSvilis - kaxeTis regionSi prezidentis warmomadgenlis mxridan zewolis Sesaxeb da ganacxada, rom beJaSvili iTxovda mxolod dadebiTi ambebis gaSuqebas da misi da misi megobrebis Sesaxeb negatiuri informaciis eTeridan amoRebas. wlis bolos am saqmis irgvliv prokuraturidan informacia ar moipoveboda.  

ivlisis Sua ricxvebSi, gazeTma "baTumelebi" miiRo Setyobineba eleqtronuli fostiT, romlis avtori imuqreboda, rom moklavda mTavar redaqtors, eTer turaZes da imave gazeTis TanamSromels.  baTumelebi-s TanamSromlebma es istoria gamoaqveynes sajarod da muqaris Sesaxeb Seatyobines prokurorsa da saxalxo damcvelis samsaxurs. maleve, baTumelebma miiRes meore eleqtronuli Setyobineba, romelSic aseve muqaris teqsti iyo. aWaris prokuraturam am incidentis Semdeg maleve daiwyo gamoZieba. gamomZiebelma dakiTxa baTumelebi-s TanamSromlebi, magram wlis bolos am saqmis progresTan dakavSirebiT informacia ar moipoveboda.

9 dekembers Tamar oqruaSvili, “xalxis gazeTis” korespondenti, gaCerda goris municipalitetTan, raTa suraTebi gadaeRo da dalaparakeboda samxreT oseTidan devnilebs.  zogierTi maTgani sacxovrebeli pirobebis gamo pretenziebs gamoTqvamda. es rom dainaxa daviT xmiadaSvilma, qalaq goris sabWos Tavmjdomarem, man uTxra oqruaSvils, rom is wasuliyo. amas mohyva cxare kamaTi da Sedegad, xmiadaSvilma gaartya oqruaSvilis, kamera xelidan gaagdebina da daumtvria. oqruaSvilma policiaSi saCivari Seitana. meore dRes, Tavmjdomarem bodiSi mouxada mas piradad da formalurad - gazeT rezonansis meSveobiT. xmiadaSvilma aseve axali kamera gaugzavna oqruaSvils. man saCivari gamoitana.

2007 wlis martSi eliso janaSia, “Tavisufali sityvis” redaqtori, gamovida braldebiT, rom gubernatoris warmomadgenelma samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayena mas da daemuqra mas mere, rac gazeTSi gamoqveynda statia sxva gazeTis Jurnalistis Seuracxyofis Sesaxeb. imave Tves, saxalxo damcvelma zugdidis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mosTxova am braldebis gamoZieba. gamoZiebam aRniSna, rom samegrelo-zemo svaneTis gubernatoris qmedeba ar warmoadgenda Jurnalistikur saqmianobaSi Carevas, radgan sadao saubari janaSias statiis gamoqveynebis Semdeg Sedga. 25 oqtombers gamoZieba Sewyda.

wlis ganmavlobaSi saxalxo damcvelma da sxvebma moiTxoves mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb kanonSi cvlilebebis Setana, mediis qselze sakuTrebis gamWvirvalobis asamaRleblad. 19 dekembers, parlamentma miiRo cvlilebebi mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb kanonSi, romelic aZlevs saparlamento umciresobas saqarTvelos erovnuli komunikaciebis komisiaSi erTi wevris nominirebis uflebas.  saparlamento uravlesobis jgufs agreTve aqvs erTi wevris nominirebis ufleba.  wlis bolos komisia Sedgeboda xuTi wevrisagan, TiToeuli eqvsi Tvis vadiT iyo arCeuli. cvlileba iTvalisiwnebs uflebamosilebis vadamdel SeCerebas.

 wlis bolos bevri mediis mesakuTreobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi kvlavac gaurkveveli rCeboda. marSalis kunZulebze registrirebuli geomediis jgufis mflobelobis Sesaxeb informacia ar moipoveboda, xolo misi wili rusTavi 2-Si 7 noembrisaTvis Semcirda 55-dan 40 procentamde. rusTavi 2-is damfuZnebeli da yofili mflobeli, kiwmariSvili noemberSi gamovida braldebiT, rom geomediis jgufis ukan dgas prezidenti saakaSvili. 

xSirad Jurnalitebi muSaoben kontraqtebis gareSe, rac TavisTavad maT TviT-cenzurisaken ubiZgebT. Jurnlistebi cdiloben, ar gaaSuqon iseTi ram, rac ar Seesabameba mflobelis xedvas, radgan samsaxuris dakargvis eSiniaT.  

 
media samxreTi oseTisa da afxazeTis separatistul regionebSi Zalian izRudeba de-faqto xelisuflebis mier.  

internetis Tavisufleba

mTavroba internetis xelmisawvdomobas ar zRudavs, amasTan arc imis Sesaxeb ar yofila Setyobineba, rom mTavroma eleqtronul fostas an internet Catebs akontrolebdes.  pirovnebebsa da jgufebs survilisamebr internetiT, eleqtronuli fostiT azris gamoTqma SeeZloT. el-fostis xelmisawvdomoba wlis ganmavlobaSi cota gaizarda, magram es jer ufro Tbilissa da did qalaqebSia xelmisawvdomi. gaTvlebis mixedviT, internetiT sargeblobs mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 11 procenti.  agvistos movlenebis dros ruseTis kiber-ieriSebis Sedegad mwyobridan gamovida an off-lain reJimSi gadavida oficialuri qarTuli veb-gverdebi da xeli SueSala mobiluri telefonebis qselis gamarTul muSaobas. agvistos movlenebis dros mTavrobam dabloka ruseTis axali ambebis sakabelo televiziis da ruseTis internet saitebi.  21 oqtombers xelisuflebam aRadgina daSveba axali ambebis rusul internet-gverdebze, magram kvlav blokavda ruseTis sakabelo axal ambebs, romelic satelituri kavSiriT mainc xelmisawvdomi iyo. 

akademiuri Tavisufleba da kulturuli movlenebi

mTavrobis mxridan akademiuri Tavisuflebasa da kulturul RonisZiebebze SezRudvebi ar yofila.

b.  mSvidobiani Sekrebisa da asociaciis Tavisufleba

Sekrebis Tavisufleba

konstitucia da kanoni uzrunvelyofs Sekrebis Tavisuflebas da praqtikulad mTavroba am uflebas wlis ganmavlobaSi icavda.  kanonis mixedviT, politikurma partiam anda sxva organizaciam winaswar unda acnobos da moipovos adgilobrivi xelisuflebis nebarTva sazogadoebriv adgilas Tavyrilobis gamarTvisaTvis. wlis ganmavlobaSi Sekrebaze nebarTvebi daubrkoleblad gaicemoda xolme.

2007 wlis seqtemberSi irakli oqruaSvilis, yofili Tavdacvis ministris dapatimrebis Semdeg, ramdenime politikuri partia gaerTianda gaerTianebuli opoziciis sabWoSi, romelmac 2007 oqtomberSi daiwyo saprotesto aqciebi zugdidSi, quTaissa da sxva regionebSi, rac dagvirgvinda TbilisSi farTomasStabiani saprotesto aqciebiT.

wlis ganmavlobaSi xelisufleba demontraciebis nebarTvas iZleoda.

6 ivniss, ramdenime aseuli gamomsvleli Seikriba parlamentTan.  saproteso aqcia moiwvia rva-partiulma opoziciurma koaliciam oficialuri gancxadebis Semdeg, rom axlad arCeuli parlamentis inauguracia gaimarTeboda 7 ivniss.

7 noembers 10,000-dan 15,000-mde opoziciis mxardamWerma gamarTa saprotesto aqcia 2007 noembris policiis mier saprotesto aqciis darbevis pirveli wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad.  gamomsvlelebi gamovidnen lozungebiTa da mowodebebiT, rogoricaa "Stop Russia", "Stop Misha", marSiT gaiares prezidentis rezidenciasTan da mogvianebiT mSvidobianad daiSalnen.  

23 noembers, opoziciuri partiebis jgufma da politikosebma gamarTes saprotesto aqcia imedis televiziis win da iTxovdnen imedis kanonieri mflobelisaTvis dabrunebas. saprotesto aqcias SeuerTda sozar subari, saxalxo damcveli.

30 dekembers subarma Tavisi naxevari wlis angariSis gamoqveynebisas ganacxada, rom mas gaaCnia imis mtkicebulebebi, rom maRali rangis oficialurma pirebma, vano merabiSvilis, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ministris CaTvliT, ganzrax dagegmes gadametebuli Zalis gamoyeneba 2007 wlis 7 noembers. subarma moiTxova saparlamento sagangebo komisiis Seqmna pretenziebis gansaxilvelad.

2007 wlis noemberSi, Zveli Tbilisis raionulma prokuraturam daiwyo winaswri gamoZieba demonstrantebisaTvis miyenebuli sxeulis dazianebis safuZvelze. gamoZiebis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informacia wlis bolomde ar yofila. subaris angariSSi, romelic moicavda ianvar-ivlisis periods, miTiTebuli iyo, rom prokuraturam Tavdamsxmelebis winaaRmdeg braldeba ar gamoitana. Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom aRniSna, rom demonstraciis dros Seusabamo qcevis gamo samsaxuridan gaTavisufla 11 policieli.

asociaciis Tavisufleba

konstitucia da kanoni uzrunvelyofs asociaciebis Tavisuflebas da mTavroba zogadad am uflebas pativs scems.

xelisufleba asociaciebis daregistrirebis nebarTvas TviTneburi dabrkolebebis an diskriminaciis gareSe gascemda xolme. ucnobi damnaSaveebi Tavs daesxnen politikuri opoziciis wevrebs 5 ianvris saprezidento da 18 maisis saparlamento arCevnebamde da mas Semdegac; opoziciis wevrebi acxadeben, rom mTavroba ar cdilobs am pirebis identificirebas, dakavebasa da gasamarTlebas. Tavdamsxmelebis utesebobas niRbebi ekeTaT.

euTo-s saboloo angariSSi 21 maisis saparlamento arCevnebis Sesaxeb, aRiniSna, rom saarCevno kampania Catarda Zalze polarizebul garemoSi, rasac emateboda informacia opoziciuri kandidatebis, partiis aqtivistebis da  saxelmwifo moxeleebis daSinebis Sesaxeb.  mravali konkretuli braldebidan, romelic ganixila euTo-s saarCevno damkvirvebelTa misiam, ramdenime dasabuTebuli aRmoCnda.  euTo-m Seiswavla arCevnebis Semdgom dRes momxdari adamianebis cemis faqtebi da sxva darRvevebi, rodesac niRbiani adamianebi Tavs daesxnen  opoziciis 13 aqtivists, romelTa didi nawili samarTlebriv dacvas iTxovda arCevnebTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebis gamo. euTo ewvia am cameti pirovnebidan Svids da adsturebs, rom maTze Tavdasxma moxda.  euTo-m aRniSna, rom zogierTi opoziciis lideri arCevnebis Semdeg momxdar Tavdasxmebs xelisuflebas da mmarTvel partias abralebs.  saxalxo damcvelma aseve gamoaqveyna daskvna, sadac igi akritikebs Tavdasmebs da aRniSnavs, rom bevri adamiani ar afiqsirebs maTze Tavdssxmas, radgan aqvT SurisZiebis SiSi.

weliwadis manZilze, sxvadasxva dros dafiqsirda ucnobi Tavdamsxmelebis mxridan opoziciis warmomadgenlebze fizikuri Tavdasxmis faqtebi.  magaliTad, ivnisSi generali gia ServaSiZe, qristian-demokratiuli aliansis erT-erTi lideri, hospitalizirebuli iqna oTxi niRbiani piris Tavdasxmis Sedegad.  saxalxo damcvelma Tavis ianvar-ivlisis angarisSi moixsenia is opoziciis mxardamWerebi, vizec Tavdasxma moxda, magram miuTiTa, rom prokuraturam ar gamoiZia Semdegi incidentebi: mamuka kvaracxelia, ramin abulaZe, daviT sazaniSvili, amiran iobaSvili, nugzar xucurauli, giorgi TavdigiriZe, giorgia ServaSiZe, boris ZanaSvili, levan jRarkava, levan gvarjalaZe, daviT metreveli, ioseb borcvaZe, zurab giguaSvili da nona cagareiSvili.  yvela am incidentis safuZvelze aRZrulia sisxlis samarTlis saqme, romelic wlis bolos ZiebaSi iyo. erT SemTxvevaSi, dazaralebulma saqmesTan dakavSirebiT samarTaldamcavi organoebis oficrisaTvis Cvenebis micemaze uari ganacxada.

g. religiis Tavisufleba

konstitucia uzrunvelyofs religiis Tavisuflebas da mTavroba zogadad am uflebas praqtikaSi pativiscemiT epyroba.  

konstitucia aRiarebs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis (sme) gansakuTrebul rols qveynis istoriaSi patriarqis winamZRolobiT, magram hyofs eklesiasa da saxelmwifos.  prezidentisa da marTlmadidebel patriarqs Soris xelmowerili konkordati (sakonstitucio SeTanxmeba) eklesias oficialur statuss aniWebs.  konkordatSi Sesulia ramdenime winaaRmdegobrivi debuleba, rac patriarqs samarTlebriv imunitets aniWebs, eklesias samxedro kapelanebiT dakompleqtebis eqskluziur uflebas aZlevs, eklesiis msaxurebs samxedro samsaxurisagan aTavisuflebs da eklesias mTavrobaSi unikalur konsultaciur rols aniWebs, gansakuTrebiT, ganaTlebis sferoSi. Tumca, es debulebebi ZalaSi ar iyo imis gamo, rom ar arsebobda ganmaxorcielebeli kanonmdebloba. sagadasaxado kodeqsi aTavisuflebs saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesias damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadisagan (dRg) religiuri atributikis importze (jvrebi, sanTlebi, xatebi, wignebi da kalendrebi, romlebic religiuri daniSnulebiT gamoiyenebs), Tumca sxva religiuri jgufebisgan moiTxovs dRg-s gadaxdas da anazraurebis gaformebas.

nebismier religiur jgufs ufleba aqvs daregistrirdes, rogorc arakomerciuli iuridiuli piri. registraciis gancxadebaSi unda iyos miTiTebuli organizaciis saxeli, adgilmdebareoba, saqmianobis mizani, informacia damfuZneblis Sesaxeb, organizaciis mmarTveli erTeulis Sesaxeb da mmarTveli organos gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi.  registraciis funqcia evaleba finansTa saministros sagadasaxado departaments, romelic valdebulia ganacxadis Semotanidan sami samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi daaregistriros ganmcxadebeli an uari uTxras registraciaze; uaris gasaCivreba SesaZlebelia sasamarTloSi.

zogierTi religiuri erToba gamoTqvamda ukmayofilebas registraciiT miniWebul statusTan dakavSirebiT. romauli kaTolikuri eklesias (rke) da somxuri apostoluri eklesias (sae) ar surs samoqalaqo organizaciad registracia da urCevniaT religiur organizaciad daregistrireba.  rke da sae, orive amtkicebs, rom warmoadgens saqarTveloSi tradiciul eklesias da asociaciad an fondad daregistrireba maT statuss daamdablebs.  Tumca, bevri sxva religiuri jgufi am kanonis mixeviT daregistrirda da amis Sedegad maTi religiuri saqmianoba aranairad ar iyo diskriminirebuli.  ieRovas mowmeebma, romlebic daregistrirdnen rogorc samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, es uaryves, radgan, rogorc Tavad amboben, yvela gadasaxadi gadaixades da dabrunebis procesi ar ganxorcielbula.  ebrauli Temis warmomadgenelTa mixedviT, maT religiuri nivTebi humanitaruli kategoriis qveS Semoitanes. Cveulebriv, nebismieri kompania, romelic saqonlis imports axorcielebs, dRg-s sazRvarze ixdis, magram Tu es saqoneli importiorisaTvis Semdgomi gayidvis sagans ar warmoadgens, finansTa saministro valdebulia, daabrunos dRg. 

saxelmwifo skolebisa da religiuri swavlebis erTmaneTisagan dacalkevebam kidev ufro Seaviwrova saxelmwifosa da marTlamdidebluri eklesias Soris dadebuli konkordatis interpretaciis saSualeba, skolis programaSi marTlmadideblobis, rogorc arCeviTi sagnis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT. kanonSi miTiTebulia, rom marTlmadidebluri swavlebis gakveTilebis Catareba SeiZleba mxolod saskolo saaTebis Semdeg da ar unda gakontroldes direqtoris, an maswavleblebis mier. gareSe pirebs, samRvdeloebis CaTvliT, ar aqvT regularuli daswrebis, moswavleTa klasgareSe saqmianobisaTvis, studentTa klubebis an maTi SekrebebisTvis  mimarTulebis micemis ufleba. aseT saqmianobas uZRvebian saerTo saeriskaco Teologebi da ara mRvdlebi.  religiuri umciresobebi miesalmebian skolebSi religiur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT Setanil cvlilebebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini arasamTavrobo rganizaciebTan erTad aRniSnaven, rom xSirad praqtika ar Seesabameba kanons. magaliTad, kanoni irRveva, rodesac saqme Seexeba locvebs da jvrebisa da sxva religiuri atributebis gamofenas.

sajaro skolebi moswavleebs aZleven saSualebas, daeswron SerCeviT kurss "religia sazogadoebaSi", sadac mocemulia ZiriTadi religiebis istoria. mSoblebi Ciodnen, rom masawavleblebi, iseve rogorc saxelmZRvanelo, yuradRebas ZiriTadad marTlmadideblur eklesiaze amaxvileben. wlis SuaSi ganaTlebis saministrom SeaCera im axal saswavlo programaze muSaoba, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli unda yofiliyo aRniSnuli saCivrebi. programa SeCerda, ZiriTadad imitom, rom jgufi programaze ver SeTanxmda da maswavleblebs, visac es sagani unda waikiTxaT, sakmarisi daintereseba ar hqoniaT. maRal klasebSi istoriis da geografiis kursi moicavda msoflio religiebis Sesaxeb informacias.

ritualis darbazis aSenebis licenziis miRebis dagvianebis gamo ieRovas mowmeebi agrZeleben kerZo saxlebSi Sekrebebs, rogorc minimum sam adgilas. 2007 wlis maisSi evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlom gamoitana mTavrobis gamamtyunebeli gadawyvetileba, radgan man ver daicva jgufi 1999 wels Seviwrovebisagan da uxeSi mopyrobisagan.

 wlis bolos evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTloSi iyo xuTi daumTavrebeli saqme, romlebic Sexeboda ieRovas mowmeebis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebs; zogierTi Setanili iyo jer kidev wina mTavrobis pirobebSi. erTi aseTi saqme asaCivrebda 2001 wlis uzenesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas, romlis mixedviT moxda jgufis registraciis gauqmeba. Tumca, 2007 wlis maisSi, organizacia axali kanonmdeblobis mixedviT  daregistrirda. am statusma masalebis Semotanis, farTis qiraobis da  sxva tranzaqciebis ganxorcielebis saSualeba misca jgufs, rogorc iuridiul pirs.

romaulma kaTolikurma eklesiam da somxurma apostolarulma eklesiam ver daibrunes eklesiebi, romelic daixura an gadaeca saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesias sabWoTa kavSiris dros. 2007 wels iusticiis saministrom miiRo gegma, romlis mixedviT qonebrivi dava unda gadawyvetiliyo miukerZoebeli eqspertis azrze dayrdnobiT da ara amJamad arsebuli inertuli komisiis meSveobiT, romlis erTerTi wevri saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis warmomadgenelia.  kamaTi grZeldeba noraSenis eklesiis irgvliv, romelsac iTxovs sme-c da sae-c.  16 noembers mama tariel sikinWilaSvilma, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mRvdelma, moiyvana buldozeri qarTuli eklesiis da noraSenis eklesiis saziaro ezoSi miwis riyis  qvisagan gasasufTaveblad. mama tarieli ambobs, rom gasasvleli viwro iyo da buldozerisaTvis da amitom man droebiT aiRo, xolo Semdeg Tavis adgilas moaTavsa ramdenime somxuri saflavis qva. amis danaxvisas, somexi eklesiis msaxurebi aRSfoTdnen da am qcevas uwodes upativiscemloba iq damarxuli somxebis mimarT. wlis bolos ramdenime somxuri saflavi kvlav riyis qviT iyo mofenili, xolo teritoriis galamazebis mcdeloba grZeldeboda. dekemberSi noraSenis eklesias ewvia somxeTis prezidenti; muxedavad imisa, rom saubari iyo eklesis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT komisiis Seqmnaze, romelic prioritetul sakiTxebs gadawyvetda, wlis bolosaTvis es komisia jer kidev ar iyo Seqmnili.

romauli kaTolikuri eklesisaTvis xuTi eklesiis dabrunebasTan dakavSirebiT zomebi ar ganxorcielebula. rke-m vatikanis instruqciiT Sewyvita yvela sasamarTlo saqme. rke-s quTaissa da axalcixeSi axali eklesiebis mSeneblobaSi xeli SeeSala. miuxedavad imisa, rom sme gamovida sadao eklesiebis warmomavlobis Semswavleli komisiis Seqmnis winadadebiT, arc sae-s da arc rke-s ar gaaCniaT informacia am sakiTxebze momuSave eqspertTa jgufis Sesaxeb. sae-s ar mouTxovia axali eklesiebis mSenebloba. is ZiriTadad dainteresebulia, rom daibrunos TbilisSi xuTi da axalcixeSi erTi eklesia.

sazogadoebrivi Zaladoba da diskriminacia

qveyanaSi ramdenime TemSi iudaizms misdeven, gansakuTrebiT ki did qalaqebSi, rogoricaa Tbilisi da quTaisi.  qyveyanaSi iyo daaxloebiT 8,000-dan 10,000-mde ebraelia. wlis ganmavlobaSi antisemituri vandalizmis Sesaxeb ebrauli Temebidan mxolod erTi Setyobineba Semovida. 1 aprils politikurma moZraobam "axali sityva" Tbilisis metroebSi gaavrcela bukletebi; ebraulma liderebma ganixiles es bukleti, rogorc erovnuli grZnobebiT manipulirebis mcdeloba maisis saparlamento arCevnebis win.

ebrauli Temis gancxadebiT, ekonomikis saministrom TbilisSi ebraelebs 25-wliani ijariT meore sinagogac gadasca.  

miuxedavad zogadi tolerantobisa qveyanaSi arsebuli "tradiciuli" religiuri umciresobebis: kaTolikebis, somexi apostoluri qristianebis, ebraelebisa da musulmanebis mimarT, moqalaqeebi SiSiT Sepyrobilebi arian "aratradiciuli" religiebis mimarT, radgan fiqroben, rom isini mosaxleobis ekonomikuri siduxWiriT sargebloben da wevrebs izidaven ekonomikuri daxmarebis gziT. marTlmadidebluri eklesiis zogierTi wevri da sazogadoeba aRiqvams aramarTlmadideblur religiur jgufebs da gansakuTrebiT ki, aratradiciul jgufebs an seqtebs, rogorc saSiSroebas erovnuli eklesiisaTvis da qveynis kulturuli RirebulebebisaTvis da Tvlian, rom ucxelma qristinma misionerebma maTi saqmianoba unda ganaxorcielon mxolod araqristianuli teritoriebze.

 wlis ganmavlobaSi religiur umciresobebze xuTi Tavdasxma moxda.  policiam swrafad moaxdina reagireba Zaladobis SemTxvevebze, magram ufro Senelebulia im saqmeebis gamoZieba, romlebic CaiTvala mcire "xulignobad" – sazogadoebrivi wesrigis darRvevad an sazogadoebis Riad ugulebelyofa Zaladobis an Zaladobis muqaris gziT.  

wlis ganmavlobaSi mTavrobam gamoiZia ramdenime Carevis, daSinebis, muqaris an Zaladobis saqme. generalurma prokuraturam isargebla prokuroris diskreciuli uflebiT da sagamomZieblo da prokuroruli resursebis simwiris gamo yuradReba gaamaxvila saqmeebze, romelic 2003 wlis Semdeg moxda. 2003 wlamde dawyebuli gamoZieba gagrZeldeboda SeZlebisdagvarad, magram prioriteti mieniWeboda axal saqmeebs.  religiuri umciresobebis jgufebma aRniSnes, rom amas SeiZleba mohyves saboloo jamSi iseTi saqmeebis daxurva, romelic 2003 wlamde arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT unda gamoZiebuliyo.

 2007 wlis ivnisSi ieRovas mowmeebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis ori saqmis gamoZiebaSi winsvla ar aRiniSneboda. wlis ganmavlobaSi maTze moxda 15 calkeuli Tavdasxma. TbilisSi amoucnobma pirebma qvebi dauSines ieRovas mowmeebis Senobas da imave dRes marina qinqlaZes boTlic esroles, rodesac igi Senobis Semosasvlels asufTavebda. sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRiZra ieRovas mowmeebis qonebis dazianebis muxliT.  

2007 wels moxda incidenti, romelSic monawileobda ori amoucnobi adamiani, romlebmac fizikuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes ieRovas mowmeebs daviT Sermadinsa da daviT karamians, waarTves maTi kuTvnili ieRovas mowmeebis literatura da iqve gaanadgures. wlis bolosTvis gamoZieba kvlav mimdinareobda.

de-faqto xelisufleba separatistul afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi, centraluri mTavrobis gareTa aris da Sesabamisad, sando informacia am regionebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs.  miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTis marTlmadidebluri eklesia aRiarebs separatistul regionebSi eklesiebze sme-s uflebamosilebas, sme acxadebs, rom rme iq agzavnis moskovis saeklesio partiarqatis erTgul mRvdlebs, afxazur eklesiebs gaxsnis sababiT.

ruseTis wminda sinodma gamosca rezolucia, sadac is oficialurad cnobs sme-s iurisdiqcias afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi wlis ganmavlobaSi.  4 noembers sme-s delegacia Cavida ruseTSi ruseTis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mowveviT.  molaparakeba ZiriTadad Seexo iurisdiqcis sakiTxebs.

 afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebis 1995 wlis gankarguleba, romelic regionSi ieRovas mowmeebis arsebobas krZalavs, ZalaSi rCeba, Tumca misi danergva ar dawyebulia. wlis ganmavlobaSi ieRovas mowmeebs afxazeTSi, sadac 1, 500 ieRovas mowmea,  problemebis Sesaxeb ar ganucxadebiaT, magram amasTan maT afxazeTSi TavianTi msaxureba Riad ar CautarebiaT. Tumca, baptistebi, luTeranebi da romauli koTolikebi acxadeben, rom regionSi Tavisuflad muSaobdnen, xolo sme-m gamoacxada, rom Tavisufali moqmedebis saSualeba ar hqonia.

samxreT oseTSi, marTlmadidebeli morwmuneebi ver atareben msaxurebas qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesiebSi, romelic ganlagebulia nulis, eredvis, monasteris da geras soflebis midamoebSi im mizeziT, rom es teritoriebi oseTis de-faqto xelisuflebis kontrolis qveSaa.

ufro detaluri informaciisaTvis ixileT 2008 wlis saerTaSoriso angariSi religiis Tavisuflebis Sesxeb www.state.gov/g/drl/irf/rpt.

d. gadaadglebis Tavisufleba, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi, devnilTa dacva, moqalaqeobis gareSe pirebi

kanoni uzrunvelyofs qveynis SigniT gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebas, sazRvargareT gasvlas, emigraciasa da repatriacias, mTvaroba zogadad am uflebebs praqtikaSi icavs. mTavroba TanamSromlobda gaero-s devnilTa umaRles komisarTan (UNHCR) da sxva humanitarul organizaciebTan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTaTvis, devnilebisaTvis, dabrunebuli devnilebisaTvis, TavSesafris maZiebelTaTvis, ustatuso pirTaTvis daxmarebis gawevisa da dacvis procesSi.

de-faqto xelisufleba afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis separatistul regionebSi da rusuli samxedro Zalebi - agvistos konfliqtis dros saqarTvelos dakavebul teritoriebze - gadaadgilebis uflebas zRudavdnen. de-faqto miliciis da rusuli jarebis  dawesebuli gamSvebi punqtebi xSirad adamianebis gadaadgilebas krZalavdnen dakavebul da saqarTvelos mTavrobis qveS myof regionebs Soris.  ivnisSi, afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebam gadaketa cecxlis Sewyvetis zoli samoqalaqo transportis moZraobisaTvis.

agvistos saomari moqmedebebis Semdeg, ruseTis da samxreT oseTis Zalebma daikaves teritoriebi samxreT oseTsa da afxazeTis administraciuli sazRvris gareT. 10 oqtombers ruseTis da araregularuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebi metwilad dabrundnen konfliqtamde dakavebul poziciebze. gamonaklisi iyo ruseTis saguSago sofel ferevTan da axalgoris velze darCenili ruseTisa da oseTis samxedro nawilebi. veli, romelic saqarTvelos xelisuflebis kontrolis qveS aris 1991 wlidan, metwilad eTnikuri qarTvelebiT aris dasaxlebuli. rusuli Zalebi mkveTrad zRudaven velidan gasvlas da Sesvlas; saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebi ver Sediodnen aRniSnul teritoriaze.  oseTis xelisufleba zewolas axdens adgilobriv mosaxleobaze, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdobaze da oseTis xelisuflebis aRiarebas da rusuli pasportebis aRebas an wasvlas aiZulebs.

7 oqtombers, parlamentma miiRo kanoni okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb, romelic zRudavs ucxoelebis moZraobas afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi. man aseve daawesa ramdenime konkretuli moTxovna, romelic am teritoriebze ekonomikuri saqmianobis ganmaxorcieleblebma unda daakmayofilon. wlis bolos saerTaSoriso organizaciebidan am kanoniT raime zedmeti SezRudvis Sesaxeb Setyobineba ar Semosula. 

afxazuri "moqalaqeobis" Sesaxeb kanoni iZleva rusul-afxazuri da ara qarTul-afxazuri moqalaqeobis uflebas, Tumca am kanonis mkacri aRsruleba ar momxdara. afxazuri mxare aiZulebs mosaxleobas sxva (rogorc wesi rusuli) pasportis aRebas. es aramarto galis regionze vrceldeboda. dabrunebuli igp-ebis umravlesobam SeinarCuna Tavisi qarTuli moqalaqeoba. Tumca, afxazeTSi macxovrebel eTnikur qarTvelebs aiZuleben afxazuri moqalaqeobis miRebas biznesis, sabanko angariSis, xmis micemis da sakuTrebis flobisaTvis.

afxazeTis defaqto milicia atarebs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Cxrekas da daawesa TviTneburi gamSvebi punqtebi. im qarTvelebs, romlebsac saidentifikacio dokumentaciasTan dakavSirebul darRvevebs daabraleben, arTmeven fuls da ZviradRirebul nivTebs.      

kanoniT akrZalulia iZulebiTi gadasaxleba da mTavrobas msgavsi qmedeba ar ganuxorcielebia.

iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi

ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros mixedviT, agvistos SeiaraRebuli konfliqtamde 1992 da 1993 wlebis konfliqtebidan qveyanaSi daaxloebiT 235,000 igp iyo.  UNHCR-is mixedviT, daaxloebiT 134,597 piri iZulebiT iyo gadaadgilebuli an dazaralda agvistos konfliqtis Sedegad.

samxreT oseTSi, de-faqto xelisuflebam agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg ar misca dabrunebis saSualeba daaxloebiT 37,500 eTnikur qarTvels.  samxreT oseTis de-faqto xelisufleba acxadebs, rom igp-ebi dabrunebas SeZleben mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze uars ityvian, samxreT oseTis moqalaqeobas miiReben da agvistos konfliqtSi monawileoba ar aqvT miRebuli.

wlis bolos, 102,800 igp dabrunda Tavis saxlebSi konfliqtur teritoriebTan mimdebare zonaSi, xolo 30,552 adamiani koleqtiur centrSi, an maspinZel ojaxebSi darCa, radgan agvistos movlenebis Sedegad veRar brundeboda sakuTar saxlSi. wlis bolos mTavrobam aaSena an gaaremonta 5, 400 saxli da bina mcxeTis, Sida qarTlisa da qvemo qarTlis regionebSi; 18,000 igp-saTvis gamoiyo grZelvadiani sacxovrebeli da 14,000 000 ukve dasaxlda. wlis bolos 1,000 igp-m moiTxova naRdi fuli alternatiuli sacxovreblis mosawyobad. sul mTavrobis mxridan daxmarebam Seadgina 242,75 milioni lari (daaxloebiT 145.7 milioni dolari).

 16 dekembris angariSis mixedviT, evrosabWos adamianis uflebebis dacvis komisarma, Tomas hamarbergma gamoTqva seriozuli SeSfoTeba, rom miuxedavad didi daxmarebisa saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan, mTavrobam ar uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi sacxovrebeli pirobebi da daxmareba agvistos konfliqtis dros gadaadgilebuli bevri adamianisaTvis.

afxazeTis de-faqto xelisufleba kvlavac abrkolebs 1992-93 wlis omis dros gadaadgilebuli 235,000 igp-s repatriacias, 1994 wels saqarTvelos, ruseTis da UNHCR-is Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebis miuxedavad, sadac saubaria omis dros gadaadgilebuli igp-ebis usafrTxo da nebayoflobiT dabrunebaze. daaxloebiT 40,000 igp, romelTagan umetesoba muSaobs sezonur muSad, dabrunda afxazeTis galis regionSi, magram afxazeTis de-faqto xelisufleba ar aZlevs igp-ebs afxazeTis sxva regionebSi dabrunebis saSualebas.

devnilTa dacva

kanoni uzrunvelyofs TavSesafrisa da ltolvilis statusis miniWebas gaeros 1951 wlis ltolvilTa statusis konvenciisa da misi 1967 wlis protokolis Tanaxmad, xolo mTavrobam Seqmna ltolvilTa dacvis sistema.  praqtikulad, mTavrobam uzrunvelyo dacva ltolviTa eqstradiciis an dabrunebisagan, Tu TavianT qveyanaSi maT sicocxles da Tavisuflebas safrTxe emuqreboda. Tumca, noembris angariSSi, gaero-s adamianis uflebebis komitetma gamoTqva SeSfoTeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom moqmedi kanonmdebloba arasrulad asaxavda iZulebiT repatriacias da rekomendacia gauwia damatebiTi kanonmdeblobis da proceduruli damcavi meqanizmebis, aseve mesazRvreebis trenings SemuSavebas da TavSesafris maZieblebis swrafi gadamisamarTebis meqanizmis Seqmnas. mTavroba uzrunvelyofs politikur TavSesafars da ltolvilis statusis miniWebas.

 pankisis xeobaSi, qveynis aRmosavleT nawilSi, dasaxelbulia daaxloebiT 1,000 registrirebuli ltolvili CeCneTidan.   saerTaSoriso humanitaruli organizaciebis daxmareba CeCeni ltolvilebis mimarT perioduli iyo, xolo UNHCR-i uZRveboda darCenili ltolvilebis saqarTvelos sazogadoebaSi integrirebis process. wlis ganmavlobaSi iZulebiTi repatriaciis SemTxvevebi ar dafiqsirebula.

CeCeni ltolvilebis umravlesoba cxovrobda adgilobriv, qist mosaxleobasTan erTad; mxolod 15 procenti ki – kolqtiur centrebSi.  

moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi

UNHCR-is mixedviT wlis bolos qveyanaSi 1,544 registrirebulia moqalaqeobis armqone piri, maTi umravlesoba TbilisSi imyofeba.  moqalaqeobis armqone pirebis dokumentacia mwiria. moqalaqeobis armqone pirTa Soris arian CeCnebi, vinc repatriaciaze nebayoflobiTad daTanxmda, magram visac uari eTqva imis gamo, rom isini ruseTSi ar yofilan arasdros registrirebuli da ar hqondaT saqarTvelos dokumentirebuli moqalaqeoba. am gaurkvevlobas ematebian pirebi, romlebic auRiarebel, separatistul regionebSi cxovrobdnen.

kanoniT moqalaqeobis miReba xdeba dabadebisTanave, es vrceldeba moqaleqeobis armqone mSoblebis Svilebzec, Tu isini daibadebian saqarTvelos teritoriaze.  pirebs, romlebic ucxo qveynis teritoriaze ibadebian, kanoni aZlevs moqalaqeobis miRebis saSualebas naturalizaciis procesis gavlis Sedegad, rac gulisxmobs qveynis teritoriaze 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi uwyvet cxovrebas, qarTuli an afxazuri enisa da saqarTvelos istoriis codnas, mudmivi dasaqmebis mtkicebulebas, an uZravi qonebis mflobelobas.

bavSvebi, romlebsac ar aqvT dabadebis mowmoba, ver iReben monawileobas socialur da saganmanaTleblo programebSi.  xSirad bavSvebi ver registrirdebodnen, radgan maT mSoblebs sabuTebi ar hqondaT. 1 ivlisidan, samoqalaqo reestrma daiwyo qvemo qarTlSi mcirewlovani usabuTo bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebis registraciis proeqti. dabadebis registraciis mowmoba da saidentifikacio dokumentebi wlis ganmavlobaSi ufasod gaicemoda. samoqalaqo reestrma proeqtis ganxorcieleba daiwyo qvemo qarTlis regionSi im mizeziT, rom kvlevebis Tanaxmad, araregistrirebul adamianebis ricxvi am regionSi yvelaze maRali iyo. 

1991 wlis damoukideblobis Semdeg, bevri boSa qvynidan gavida, Tumca, savaraudod ramdenime aTasi mainc darCa. wlis ganmavlobaSi umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris gaangariSebiT boSuri mosaxleoba sul 1,500 Seadgens da erT adgilas maTi maqsimaluri raodenoba 300-a. boSebi ZiriTadad TbilisSi, quTaisSi, qobuleTSi, kaxeTsa da soxumis regionebSi cxovroben. bevri boSa Semovida afxazeTidan, sadac isini zugdididan da Tbilisidan moxvdnen da garda amisa, musulmani boSebi Semovidnen somxeTidan da azerbaijanidan.  Sida sezonuri migracia SeimCneoda Savi zRvis sanapiroze zafxulSi.  boSuri warmoSobis igp-ebi afxazeTidan ver iReben igp-s daxmarebas, radgan maT statusis damadasturebeli sabuTebi ar gaaCndaT.  samoqalaqo reestris TanamSromlebi irwmunebian, rom boSebs, romlebsac Zveli sabWoTa pasportebi aqvT, saqarTvelos sabuTebis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT problema ar SehqmniaT, magram amasTan aRniSnes, rom boSebs Tavad ar surT oficialuri sabuTebis miReba.

ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis aRiareba kidev ufro arTulebs moqalaqeobasTan dakavSirebul wesebs. 26 agvistomde de-faqto afxazeTis kanoni moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb ar iZleoda ormagi qarTul-afxazuri moqalaqeobis uflebas. amis Sedegad, eTnikuri qarTvelebi separatistul regionSi iZulebulebi iyvnen qarTul moqalaqeobaze uari eTqvaT, raTa politikur procesebSi da arCevnebSi monawileoba mieRoT.  bevrma afxazma qarTul moqalaqeobaze uari Tqva rusuli moqalaqeobis misaRebad politikuri an ekonomiuri mizezebis gamo, an xSirad, iZulebiT.

nawili 3. politikuri uflebebis dacva: moqalaqis ufleba, monawileoba miiRos mTavrobis SecvlaSi

kanonis Tanaxmad moqalaqeebs aqvT ufleba, mSvidobiani gziT Secvalon mTavroba; Tumca, mTavrobis moqmedebebi wlis ganmavlobaSi araerTgvarovani iyo.

2004 wlis urTierTgamomricxavi konstituciuri cvlilebebi, romelmac prezidentis Zalaufleba gaaZliera, wlis ganmavlobaSi ZalaSi darCa.  es cvlilebebi prezidents uflebas aniWebs, daiTxovos parlamenti or SemTxvevaSi: Tu parlamenti ar daamtkicebs prezidentis mier nominirebul kabinets sami mcdelobiT, prezidents ufleba aqvs, daiTxovos parlamenti da daniSnos premier-minitri da kabineti erTpirovnulad; an Tu parlamenti droulad ar daamtkicebs biujets, prezidents ufleba aqvs biujeti dadgenilebiT miiRos. orive SemTxvevaSi axlad arCeul parlaments arc kabinetze da arc biujetze kenWisyris ufleba ara aqvs.

arCevnebi da politikuri monawileoba

saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebi gaimarTa Sesabamisad 5 ianvars da 21 maiss.

euTo-s angariSis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa, rom ianvris saprezidento arCevnebi ZiriTadad Seesabameboda euTo-s da evrosabWos standartTa umravlesobas da warmoadgenda pirvel konkuretul saprezidento arCevnebs damoukideblobis Semdeg, man bevri problema warmoaCina. saarCevno kampanias Tan sdevda muqaris da zewolis braldebebi. saxelmwifo saqmianobasa da mmarTveli partiis kandidatis – mixeil saakaSvilis saarCevno kampanias Soris sazRvari TiTqmis waSlili iyo; arCevnebze aRiniSna sxva saxis darRvevebic, maT Soris xmebis daTvlis gayalbeba da arCevnebis Semdgom saCivrebis da pretenziebis ganxilvis procedurebis ugulebelyofa. 

21 maisis saparlamento arCevnebi, romlebic gegmis mixedviT wlis bolos unda gamarTuliyo, Catarda vadamde, 5 ianvris saprezidento arCevnebis paralelurad Catarebuli plebiscitis safuZvelze. euTo-s SefasebiT, xelisufleba da sxva politikuri dainteresebuli mxareebi yvelanairad cdilobdnen, es arCevnebi euTo-sa da evrosabWos winaSe aRebuli valdebulebebis mixedviT ganexorcielebinaT; Tumca, euTos mixedviT, ramdenime problemam es ganxorcieleba araTanabari da dausrulebeli gaxada. euTo-s saboloo angariSSi CamoTvlilia xmebis daTvlasTan, daangariSebasTan da saaarCevno saCivrebis damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. euTo aseve aRniSnavda, rom iyo bevri braldeba opoziciis aqtivistebis, saxelmwifo seqtorSi momuSaveebisa da sxvebis daSinebis da maTze zewoli Sesaxeb, rogorc saprezidento, aseve saparlamento arCevnebis dros. aseve iyo safuZvliani braldeba imis Sesaxeb, rom biznesebze xorcieldeboda zewola da maT aiZulebdnen mmarTveli partiis kampaniebSi wvlilis Setanas.

2007 wlis noembris opoziciis gamosvlebis Semdeg mTavroba daTanxmda centraluri saarCevno komisiis Semadgenlobis Secvlaze da masSi Sevida opoziciuri partiis mier  nominirebuli eqvsi wevri. wina procuduris mixedviT erTi wevri iniSneboda mmarTveli, gaerTianebuli nacionaluri moZraobis mier (0) da danarCeni eqvsi - prezidentis da parlamentis mier. opoziciam aseve  daniSna wevrebi yvela saarCevno komisiaSi; Tumca, Sualedur raionul saarCevno komisiebSi opoziciis warmomadgenlebi ar iyvnen. maisis saparlamento arCevnebis moaxloebisas yvela doneze iyo uzrunvelyofili mravalpartiuli warmomadgenloba, raionuli saarCevno komisiebis CaTvliT. parlamentma miiRo cvlileba, romlis mixedviT saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad 7%-ianis nacvlad 5 %-iani barieris gadalaxviT partias eZleoda parlmanetSi Sesvlis ufleba. aRniSnuli reformis ganxorcielebamde prezidentma da parlamentma daniSnes csk-s axali Tavmjdomare, magram opoziciuri partiebi irwmunebodnen, rom kandidati winaswar iyo prezidentis mier SerCeuli da rom procesi ar Seesabameboda saarCevno kodeqsiT dadgenil gamWvirvale proceduras. saboloo angariSSi saparlamento arCevnebis Sesaxeb euTo-m aRniSna, rom saarCevno komisiebis saqmianobaSi mravali darRveva iyo dafiqsirebuli.

arCevnebamde parlamentma moaxdina momavali parlamentis restruqturizacia; axali parlamenti Sedgeboda 75 maJorotari deputatisagan, romelic arCeuli iyo erTmandatian saarCevno olqebSi, xolo danarCeni 75 deputatis arCeva moxda proporciuli partiuli siebis sistemiT. euTo-s saboloo angariSSi saparlamento arCevnebis Sesaxeb weria: "saarCevno sistema Seicvala gnm-s da opoziciur partiebs Soris konsensunsis miRwevis gareSe... opoziciur partiebs ar undodaT erTmandatiani saarCevno olqebi, radgan miaCndaT, rom es gnm-is sasargeblod keTdeboda da opoziciis danawevrebulobis gamo erCivnaT regionaluri proporciuli saarCevno olqebi." ... erTiani saarCevno kodeqsi (esk) "ar moiTxovs, rom erTmandatiani saarCevno olqebi iyos Tanabari an fardobiT zomis. aRniSnuli arCevnebis dros amomrCevelTa raodenoba individualur saarCevno raionebSi meryeobda 6,000-dan 140,000-mde. aseTma didma sxvaoba, saarCevno uflebebis Zireuli principi Searyia, kerZod ki, xmebis Tanasworoba.  konstituciis da esk-s Secvlisas parlamentma am Seusabamobis gamosworeba ar scada.

registraciasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebis garda, mTavroba ar zRudavda politikuri partiebis formirebis process; iusticiis saministros registraciisa da licenzirebis departamentis monacemebiT daregistrirebuli iyo 189 partia, saidanac 179 aqtiurad moRvaweobda. Tumca, politikuri opoziciis zogierTi wevri 21 maisi arCevnebis Semdeg ramdenimejer scemes. miRebulia informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom politikurad aqtiuri pirebi, romlebic mmarTveli partiis wevrebi ar iyvnen, periodulad iseT problems awydebodnen, rogoricaa maT winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli samarTlebrivi devna korufciis braldebiT. 15 ivliss, parlamentma cvlileba Seitana saarCevno kanonSi, romlis mixedviT eqvs opoziciur partias uari eTqva saxelmwifo fondebis gamoyenebaze imis gamo, rom maT uari ganacxades arCevnebis Semdgom adgilebis miRebaze parlamentSi. zogierTma opoziciuri politikuri partiis wevrma ganacxada, rom isini mTavrobam dasaja axali parlamentis saqmianobaSi monawileobis armiRebisaTvis. 30 dekembers parlamentma ganaaxla opoziciuri partiebis dafinanseba da Seqmna fondi, romlidanac dafinansdeboda yvela politikuri partiis kvleviTi samuSao (gamokiTxvebi) da treningebi.

8 ivliss, ECHR-ma daadgina, rom 2004 wels namdvilad dairRva leiboristuli partiis arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba adamianis uflebebis evropuli konvenciis protokolebis mixedviT. ECHR-ma mTavrobas mosTxova leiboristuli partiisaTvis 1,043 evros (daaxloebiT 1, 460 dolaris) gadaxda xarjebisa da zaralis asanazRaureblad. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom 2004 wels ori saarCevno raionis amoReba (qobuleTi da xulo) erTiani saarCevno procesidan ar Seesabameboda kanonis uzenaesobis konkretul moTxovnebs, ris   Sedegadac mosaxleobis did nawils, daaxloebiT 60,000 amomrCevls waerTva saarCevno uflebiT sageblobis SesaZlebloba. 16 ianvars finansTa saministrom ganacxada, rom leiboristul partias es Tanxa gadauxada eleqtronuli gadaricxvis meTodiT.

wlis bolos mTavrobas jer ar hqonda dadgenili im piris vinaoba da adgilsamyofeli, romelic 2005 wels sastikad gausworda valeri gelaSvils, opozicioner parlamentars. opoziciuri partiebi acxadebdnen, rom es iyo xelisuflebis mxridan SurisZieba prezident saakaSvilisa da misi ojaxis kritikisaTvis.  

150-adgilian parlamentSi 7 qalia. Svidi vicespikeridan erT-erTi qali iyo, xolo parlametis saproceso komitetis Tamjdomare aseve qalbatonia.  

parlamentSi iyo xuTi umciresobis warmomadgeneli: ori somexi da sami azerbaijaneli.  2006 wlis adgilobrivi mTavrobis reformirebis Sedegad eTnikuri umciresobebis mier dakavebuli adgilebi municipalur sabWoebSi Seesabameboda qveynis TiToeuli regionis eTnikur mosaxleobas. qalaqis xelmZRvanelebs Soris iyvnen eTnikuri umciresobebis liderebic.  

korufcia mTavrobaSi da gamWvirvaloba

kanoni iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis sasjels oficialuri korufciisaTvis; maSin rodesac mTavroba am kanonebs efeqturad icavda dabal doneze korufciasTan brZolaSi, rac Sesabamisad Semcirda prezidentis mier ganxorcielebuli reformebis Sedegad, maRali donis oficiozi, informaciis Tanaxmad dausjelad CaerTo korufciaSi. msoflio bankis mier saxelmZRvanelo indikatorebi aRricxavdnen korufcias rogorc seriozul problemas.

sajaro moxeleebi da samoqalaqo sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi zogadad Tanxmdebian, rom mcire korufcia 2003 wlis vardebis revoluciis Semdeg Semcirda. miuxedavad amisa, maRali rangis korufcia problemad rCeba da damkvirveblebi fiqroben, rom antikorufculi brZolis meqanizmi ufro metad dasjisaken iyo mimarTuli maSin, rodesac ufro didi aqcenti unda gakeTebuliyo prevenciaze da amasTan iyo ufro spontanuri, vidre sistematuri da procesSi sazogadoebis CarTulobac naklebi iyo.   

korufciis braldebiT dakavebuli  ramodenime politikurad aqtiuri braldebuli acxadebda, rom isini SerCeviTi devnis msxverpli iyvnen (ix. nawili 1. d).  

30 ivliss Sinagan saqmeTa saministros konstituciuri usafrTxoebis departamentma qrTamis aRebis braldebiT daapatimra ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris moadgile, beqa oqroscvariZe da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros privatizaciis departamentis ufrosis moadgile, laSa moiswrafiSivili. am SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT aseve dapatimrebuli iyo Tamaz maCalaZe, romelmac rusTavi-Tbilisis gzatkecilis gaswvriv Senobebisa da miwis Sesyidvis mcdelobis procesSi oficialur pirebs qrTami SesTavaza. wlis bolos mimdinareobda gamoZieba.

 2007 wels mixeil qareli, Sida qarTlis regionis yofili meri, daakaves qrTamis aRebisa da ukanono biznes-garigebebis braldebiT.  cota xniT adre, adgilobrivi administraciis ramodenime warmomadgeneli - goris gubernatori vasil maxaraSvili, qalaqis sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile nugzar papunaSvili da gaioz Zanadia, daakaves korufciis braldebiT. mogvianebiT, imave TveSi qareli giraoTi gamouSves. 2007 wlis noemberSi prokuraturam qarelis winaaRmdeg oTxi damatebiTi braldeba wamoayena. qareli braldebis mosasmenad ar gamocxadda da mis dasapatimreblad orderi gaica.  29 aprils goris raionis sasamarTlom miiRo qarelis dauswreblad gasamarTlebis gadawyvetileba; sasamarTlo wlis bolosac mimdinareobda.  23 ivliss safrangeTis xelisuflebam daapatimra qareli parizSi da saqarTvelos mxarem misi eqstradicia moiTxova.  wlis bolos safrangeTis xelisuflebam qareli gaanTavisufla piradi Tavdebobis qveS; mimdinareobda eqstradiciis Sesaxeb Txovnis ganxilva.  presaSi gamoqveynebuli informaciiT, qarelma politikuri TavSesafari moiTxova.

2006 wels, Sinagan saqmeTa saminisitrom aRZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme, romelSic figurirebda kompania Sps "kolizeumi" da quTaisis sajaro moxeleebi. Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom quTaisis meris moadgiles, teritoriuli administraciis samsaxuris ufrosis movaleobis Semsrulebels da quTaisis meriis TxuTmeti wevrs brali wauyena samsaxureobriv gulgrilobaSi da uflebamosilebis gadametebaSi. maTY aseve bralad edebodaT dokumentaciis gayalbeba da Sps “kolizeumisaTvis”  553,392 lariT (daaxloebiT 335,000 dolari) metis gadaxda, vidre unda gadaexadaT qalaqis saxuravebis SekeTebisaTvis.  2007 wlis oqtomberSi yvela maTgani damnaSaved iyo cnobili, dajarimda da probaciis pirobiT iqna ganTavisuflebuli. maT aseve aekrZalaT sami wlis ganmavlobaSi sajaro samsaxurSi muSaoba.

2007 wlis maisSi, daviT kekua, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros generaluri inspeqciis ufrosis moadgile, winaswar patimrobaSi iyo gadacemuli gaxmaurebuli mkvlelobis gamoZiebis procesSi narkotikebis Cadebis gamo. 2007 wlis oqtombrSi igi ipoves gardacvlili Tavis kameraSi Tbilisis #7 sapyrobileSi. damkvirveblebi SeSfoTebas gamoTqvamdnen imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom gamoZieba misi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb jer kidev ar iyo dasrulebuli.

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulia mTavrobis Sekrebebisa da dokumentebis sajarooba. Tumca zog SemTxvevaSi mTavroba am sajaroobas ar icavda. kanonis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo uwyebam unda uzrunvelyos sajaro informaciis gacema moTxovnisTanave an moTxovnidan ara ugvianes 10 dRis manZilze, moTxovnili ifnormaciis gacema gaurkveveli vadiT SeiZleboda gadadebuliyo, xolo zog SemTxvevaSi moTxovnis ignorirebac ki xdeboda.

nawili 4 - mTavrobis damokidebuleba saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier adamianis uflebebis darRvevis saeWvo faqtebis gamoZiebisadmi

adamianis uflebebis dacvis sxvadasxva adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso jgufebi Cveulebriv moqmedebdnen mTavrobis mxridan SezRudvebis gareSe, iZiebdnen da aqveynebdnen adamianis uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebul Sedegebs. Tumca, maSin rodesac zogierTi arasamTavrobo organizacia mWidrod urTeirTobda mTavrobasTan da oficialuri pirebic aseve maTTan TanamSromlobdenen da iziarebdnen maT Sexedulebebs, sxvebi gamoTqvamdnen ukmayofilebas mTavrobis wevrebis mxridan diskriminaciis gamo. 

adamianis uflebebis dacvis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, rac daZabulobas iwvevda arasamTavroboebsa da mTavrobas Soris Seexeboda patimrebTan arasaTanado damokidebulebas, giraos sistemis araTanmimdevrulobas, daSinebas da saprezidento kampaniis dros administraciuli resursebis gamoyenebas, dausjel Zaladobas opoziciis warmomdgenlebis mimarT, kerZo sakuTrebis uflebis xelyofas, politikurad motivirebul dapatimrebebs da policiis mier 2007 wlis 7 noembers gadametebuli Zalis gamoyenebis dausjelobas.

separatistul teritoriebze SesvlasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis, kadrebis naklebobis, usafrTxoebis mxriv mZime pirobebis gamo gaero da euTo monitorings mxolod periodulad axdenda, Tumca periodulad mainc aqveynebdnen kvlevis Sedegebs, angariSebs da rekomendaciebs. situacia gauaresda agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg, rodesac rusuli jarebi ar uSvebdnen anda zRudavdnen damkvirveblebis Sesvlas samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis teritoriaze iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebze, sadac savaraudod xdeboda eTnikurad motivirebuli Tavdasxmebi.

zogierTi arasamTavrobo organizacia kvlavac fiqrobda, rom saxalxo damcvelis samsaxuri iyo adamianis uflebebis dacvis yvelaze obieqturi saxelmwifo organo. saxalxo damcvelma, sozar subarma daikava opoziciis mxare Sua weliwadSi da maTTan erTad miiRo monawileoba ramdenime saprotesto aqciaSi.  konstituciiT mandatirebuli ofisi axdenda adamianis uflebebis monitoringsa da iZiebda Zaladobis da darRvevebis SemTxvevebs. samsaxuri zogadad mTavrobis mxridan Carevebis gareSeE muSaobda da misi muSaoba efeqturad iTvleboda garda ramdenime SemTxvevisa. miuxedvad imisa, rom mTavrobam am samsaxuris dafinanseba gaagrZela, misi wliuri dafinanseba ar gazrdila.

wlis ganmavlobaSi generaluri prokuraturis sagamoZiebo samsaxuris mier saxalxo damcvelis subaris saCivaris gamoZiebas didi progresi ar ganucdia; subarma saCivarSi ganacxada, rom igi scemes, rodesac is cdilobda demonstrantebsa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministros specialuri operaciebis qvedanayofis wevrebs Soris Setakebis Tavidan acilebas.   

kanonis Tanaxmad, saxalxo damcveli subari parlaments weliwadSi orjer abarebs angariSs. Tumca, misi gamosvla parlamentSi, romelic 2007 wlis dekembersaTvis iyo dagegmili, minimum orjer gadaido. subaris ganmartebiT, xelisuflebam gadado misi angariSi imis gamo, rom is akritikebda mTavrobis qmedebas 2007 wlis saprotesto aqciebis dros. 15 ivliss subarma parlaments warudgina angariSi, romelic moicavda 2007 wlis periods da xazs usvamda 2007 wlis noembrSi policiis mxridan demonstrantebis mimarT gadametebuli Zalis gamoyenebas, presis Tavisuflebisa da sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris uflebis SezRudvas, qonebriv uflebebTan dakavSirebiT kanonis uzenaesobis dakninebas, somxursa da qarTul eklesiebs Soris davis mogvarebis mniSvnelobas. 30 dekebris gamosvlaSi man wlis pirvel eqvs Tveze isaubra da Seexo msgavs Temebs, Tumca aseve isaubra opoziciuri kandidatebis devnasa da arCevnebis dros gayalbebaze. subarma xazi gausva, rom mTavrobam jer kidev saTanadod ar gamoiZia 2007 wels momxdari adamianebis cemis faqtebi.

ianvris arCevnebis Semdeg, saxalxo damcvelis samsaxurma csk-s mosTxova videoCanawerebi im saarCevno olqebidan, sadac damkvirveblebma problemebi daafiqsires. saboloo jamSi, saxalxo damcvelma miiRo moTxovnilidan ramdenime video Canaweri, isic sakmaod didi dagvianebiT da sajaro kamaTis Sedegad. csk-m Canawerebis  gadacemis dagvianeba imiT axsna, rom Tavad ar hqonda asobiT kasetis gadamowmebis saSualeba.

saxalxo damcvelis uflebamosileba ar moicavs devnis an sxva samarTlebrivi qmedebis ganxorcielebis uflebas. saxalxo damcvelma gaaprotesta iusticiis saministros wesebi, romelic krZalavs penitencialur sistemaSi kamerebisa da Camwerebis gamoyenebas, radgan es cixeebSi momxdari Zaladobis Sesaxeb saCivrebis dasabuTebas uSlis xels.

Zaladobis faqtis gamoZiebis ufleba aqvs adamianis uflebebis samoqalaqo integraciis saparlamento komitets, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros adamianis uflebebis dacvis danayofs da erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos mrCevels adamianis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebSi.  kanonis mixedviT, adamianis uflebebisa da fundamentur TavisuflebebTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebis gamoZieba evaleba generalur porkuraturas. generaluri prokuraturis adamianis uflebebis dacvis ganyofileba warmodgens iuridiul departamentis winaSe angariSvaldebul, sameTvalyureo funqciis mqone ganStoebas da damoukidebeli sagamomZiebo ufleba ar gaaCnia. adamianis uflebebis erTeuli ZiriTadad muSaobda samarTaldamcavi uwyebebis warmomadgenlebis mxridan Zaladobis aRmofxvra-Sekavebaze.

gaero-s adamianis uflebebis  samsaxuri soxumSi agrZelebda afxazeTSi adamianis uflebebis monitorings da regionSi dakavebis/sapatimro dawesebulebebis monaxulebas. 2007 wels afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebam Tanxmoba ganacxada gaero-s adamianis uflebebis dacvis oficrebis daSvebze da gaero-s sami samoqalaqo policiis oficris ganlagebaze galis seqtoris StabbinaSi. aRniSnuli piroba Sesrulda.  agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg euTo-s adamianis uflebebis dacvis oficeri samxreT oseTis teritoriaze aRar SeuSves.

nawili 5. diskriminacia, sazogadoebrivi Zaladoba da adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi)

kanoni krZalavs diskriminacias rasis, sqesis, religiis, unarSezRudulobis, enis, socialuri statusis niSniT. Tumca, xelisufleba xSir SemTxvevaSi ver uzrunvelyofs kanonis am moTxovnis Sesrulebas.

qalebi

gaupatiureba iTvleba danaSaulad, Tumca colqmrul urTierTobaSi momxdari gaupatiureba sisxlis samarTliT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. saqme aRiZreba mxolod dazaralebulis mier Semotanili saCivris safuZvelze. pirveli SemTxveva isjeba 7 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. ganmeorebiTi SemTxveva an seriuli gaupatiureba isjeba 10 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. dazaralebulis dafexmZimeba, Sidsis virusiT inficireba an gansakuTrebuli sisastike isjeba 15 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. mcirewlovanis gaupatiureba isjeba 20 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. wlis ganmavlobaSi dafiqsirda 100 gaupatiurebis faqti, romlidan 66 gamoiZies da 22 sasamarTloSi gadaigzavna. damkvirvelebi fiqroben, rom xSirad gaupatiurebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar keTdeba socialuri stereotipebis gamo da aseve imitom, rom policia yovelTvis ar iZiebs gaupatiurebis SemTxvevebs.

ojaxuri da sxva tipis Zaladoba qalebis mimarT problemas warmoadgens. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros statistikis mixedviT, wlis ganmavlobaSi policiam reagireba moaxdina ojaxuri konfliqtebis 2,576 SemTxvevaze, xolo 2007 wels dafiqsirebulia ojaxuri konfliqtis 2,056 SemTxveva.

ojaxuri  Zaladoba iuridiulad ganmartebulia, rogorc ojaxis erTi wevris konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis darRveva meore adamianis mier, fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, ekonomikuri an seqsualuri Zaladobis an iZulebis gziT; Tumca, ojaxuri Zaladobis Camdenebi isjebodnen arsebuli sisxlis samarTlis muxlebis mixedviT, rogoricaa fizikuri Seuracxyofa an gaupatiureba. kanoni dazaralebuls aZlevs uflebas dauyovnebliv moiTxovos samarTlebrivi dacva moZaladisagan, xolo policia  droebiT aRmkveT orders gascems amgvari moZaladis winaaRmdeg. aRmkveTi orderi wlis ganmavlobaSi gaica 141 SemTxvevaSi. droebiTi orderi sasamarTlos mier unda iqnas damtkicebuli 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi da aRmkveTi orderi, romelic eqvsi TviT moZalades dazaralebulTan 310 futis siaxloves misvlas, erToblivi qonebiT (rogoricaa sacxovrisi an manqana)  sargeblobas,  ukrZalavs. dazaralebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos aRmkveTi orderis uvado gagrZeleba. Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom SeimuSava forma, romelic unda Seavsos policiam aRmkveTi orderebis gasacemad, magram am sakiTxebSi policiis treningi Tbilisis gareT ar Catarebula.

adgilobriv arasamTavrobo organizaciebs gaxsnili aqvT cxeli xazi da TavSesafari Zaladobis msxverpli qalebsTvis, magram finansebisa da struqturis naklebobis gamo maTi funqcionireba SezRudulia.   

26 dekembers, # 625 prezidentis brZanebulebiT Camoyalibda uwyebaTaSorisi sabWo, romelic imuSavebs ojaxuri Zaladobis problematikaze da moaxdens saministroebisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis koordinirebas problemis aRmosafxvrelad.  

qalebis motaceba ojaxis Seqmnis mizniT gavrcelebuli ar iyo. aseTi motacebebi ufro xSirad urTierTSeTanxmebiT xdeboda. policia aseT SemTxvevaSi  iSviaTadad iRebda zomebs, Tumca kanoniT motaceba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulia.  adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizacias samcxe-javaxTis regionSi gaxsnili hqonda cxel xazi  da TavSesafari motacebis mcdelobis msxvelplTaTvis, romlebsac gamtaceblisagan gamoqcevis Semdeg TavianT ojaxSi dabrunebis uflebas ojaxis wevrebi ar aZlevdnen.

prostitucia warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls. prostitucia iyo farTod gavrcelebuli, gansakuTrebiT TbilisSi. zogierTi arasamTavrobo organizacia acxadebda, rom prostituciis problema kvlavac aqtiurad dgas mZime ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo.

seqsualuri Seviwroveba da Zaladoba qalTa winaaRmdeg samuSao adgilze  iyo problematuri sakiTxi. kanoni krZalavs seqsualur Seviwrovebas samuSao adgilze. Tumca, xelisufleba ver axerxebda kanonis efeqturad gatarebas da amgvari SemTxvevebis gamoZieba iSviaTad xdeboda.

kanoni iTvaliswinebs qalTa da mamakacTa Tanasworobas. Tumca sinamdvileSi es ase ar gaxlavT. arasamTavroboebis gancxadebiT, qalTa diskriminacia samuSao adgilze realobaSi arsebobs, Tumca konkretuli SemTxvevebi ar yofila dafiqsirebuli. parlamentis spikeri kvlavac xelmZRvanelobda genderuli Tanasworobis sabWos, romlis wevrebi arian parlamentarebi, aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, saxalxo damcvelis aparatis da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi. genderuli Tanasworobis samTavrobo komisiis Tavmjdomarea saxelmwifo ministri; komisia amzadebs rekomendaciebs genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis da konvenciebis danergvis da ganxorcielebis Taobaze. saxalxo  damcvelis samsaxurSi  arsebobda specialuri jgufi, romelic qalTa da bavSvTa sakiTxebze muSaobda.    

qalTa mdgomareoba dasaqmebis bazarze sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda; Tumca qalebs ZiriTadad eTmobaT dabalanazRaurebadi da dabali rangis samuSao adgilebi, maTi profesionalizmis da akademiuri kvalifikaciis miuxedavad; qalTa xelfasebic CamorCeba mamakacTa xelfasebs. amis Sedegad mravali qali samuSaos eZebs sazRvargareT. gaero-s ganviTarebis gegmis Tanaxmad, damsaqmeblebi xSirad ar gascemen orsulebze da bavSvebze gaTvaliswinebul SeRavaTebs.       

bvSvebi

kanoni iTvaliswinebs bavSvTa uflebebis da keTildReobis dacvas. miuxedavad amisa, samTavrobo samsaxuris areali SezRudulia

boSaTa bavSvebi rogorc wesi Sin ibadebian, xolo maTi mSoblebi xSirad maTi dabadebis faqts oficialurad ar aregistrireben imis gamo, rom samedicino daxmarebis da sxva sajaro momsaxurebis misaRebad  aucilebelia saidentifikacio sabuTi; xolo saidentifikacio dokumentis arqonis da mSoblebis mxridan daxmarebisaTvis  mimarTvis survilis ararsebobis gamo bevri boSa bavSvi ver sargeblobs samedicino da sxva momsaxurebiT. 

ganaTleba oficialurad ufaso iyo umaRles saswavleblamde, magram praqtikaSi zogierT raionebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis separatistul rgionebSi, resursebis nakleboba aferxebda skolebis funqcionirebas da gavlenas axdenda ganaTlebis xarisxze.  zogjer skolis Senoba araadeqvaturia, iq araa gaTboba, biblioTeka,  dafebi. xSirad mSoblebs skolis sasargeblod garkveuli Tanxebis gadaxdas aiZulebdnen. bevrma mSobelma ver SeuZina bavSvebs wignebi da saskolo inventari da zogjer moswavleebi aiZules skolidan gasuliyvnen imis gamo, rom am mosakrebels ver an ar ixdidnen. ganaTlebis saministros mixedviT, mdgomareoba skolebSi gaTbobis  TvalsazrisiT gaumjobesda, magram zogierT skolaSi saskolo inventari, rogoricaa dafebi, kvlavac problematuria. agvistos konfliqtis dros dazianda 55 skola. iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa  TavSesafrebi moewyo 165 skolaSi, 169 bavSvTa baRSi da cxra umaRles saswavlebelSi. zogierTi maTganidan xalxi ar gasula, ramac Tbilissa da gorSi saswavlo wlis dawyeba gadaavada.

gamovlenilia bavSvebis, gansakuTrebiT quCis bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, Tumca Zaladobis aseTi tipi ar aris farTod gavrcelebuli sazogadoebaSi. dafiqsirda bavSvebis, gansakuTrebiT gogonebis, seqsualuri eqspluataciis SemTxvevebi. bavSvebis seqsualuri eqspluatacia da bavSvTa pornografia isjeba sam wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom daafinansa mcirewlovanTa reabilitaciis centri, sadac bavSvebs da mozrdilebs utardebaT regularuli samedicino da fsiqologiur daxmareba meurveebTan dabrunebamde. quCis bavSvebi da upatrono bavSvTa saxlebSi mcxovrebni  xSirad trafikingis msxvepli xdebian.

mZime ekonomiurma pirobebis gamo gaizarda quCis bavSvebis raodenoba. wlis ganmavlobaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciam "gadavarCinoT bavSvebi" aRricxa, rom oTx mTavar qalaqSi daaxloebiT 1,600 quCis bavSvi iyo, saidanac 800 TbilisSi fiqsirdeboda. arasamTavrobo organizacias "bavSvi da garemo" da aseve ganaTlebis saministros gaxsnili aqvT TavSesafari TbilisSi, Tumca es ori TavSesafari quCis bavSvebis mxolod  mcire nawilis momsaxurebas axerxebs.  mTavrobas quCis bavSvebis dasaxmareblad bevri ar gaukeTebia. gaero-s dafinansebiT "minesotas advokatebi adamianis uflebebis dacvisaTvis"  mier  momzadebuli angariSis mixedviT, ganaTlebis saministros miaCnda, rom quCis bavSvebi warmoadgenen adgilobriv problemas, romelic municipalitetebma unda gadawyvitos da ara saministrom.

iyo dausabuTebeli informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom quCis bavSvebi policiis mxridan Zaladobis obieqtebi  xdebodnen, Tumca sapatrulo policias regularulad gadahyavda quCis bavSvebi 24-saaTian cetrSi an bavSvTa saxlSi. centrSi ar iyo sakmarisi resursi bavSvebis mkurnalobisa da reabilitaciisaTvis, xolo bevri maTgani gasabruebeli an qimiuri saSualebebis momxmarebeli iyo an gonebrivi aSliloba aReniSneboda.

afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi mimdinare konfliqtebis Sedegad iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa Soris aRmoCnda mravali aTasi bavSvi. ruseTTan agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg, maTi ricxvi kidev ufro gaizarda.  konfliqtamdec UNICEF-is gancxadebiT am regionebSi jandacvis sakiTxebi mougvarebeli iyo, imunizaciis maCvenebeli dabalia, skolebi mZime pirobebSia da arsebobs sakvebis ukmarisobis problema.       

TavSesafrebi ver uzrunvelyofen bavSvebs saTanado kvebiT, CasacmliT, ganaTlebiT da samedicino momsaxurebiT. Senobebi cudad aris uzrunvelyofili gaTbobiT, wyliT da eleqtroenergiiT. personali xSirad TavSesafaris sakvebs da fuls iyenebda piradi saWiroebebisaTvis.

adamianebiT vaWroba

kanoni krZalavs adamianebiT vaWrobas; Tumca arsebobs qalebis da gogonebis qveynis SigniT trefikingis an qveynidan gayvanis SemTxvevebi seqsualuri, SromiTi an sxva saxis eqspluataciis mizniT; xolo kacebis trefikingi xdeboda mxolod SromiTi eqspluataciis mizniT.  

qveyana ZiriTadad asrulebs satranzito, warmoSobis adgilis da Zalze iSviaTad – daniSnulebis adgilis funqcias. qalebi gahyavT Tbilisidan TurqeTSi da arabeTis emiratebSi, sadac maT sastumroebSi, barebSi, restornebsa an saxlebSi amuSaveben. bevri maTgani muSaobda garTobis da prostituciis sferoSi. qarTveli erovnebis msxverplebi ZiriTadad iyvnen Tbilisidan an gaRaribebuli industriuli centrebidan, mag. quTaisi da rusTavi. adgilobrivi arasamTavroboebis angariSebis mixedviT, mamakacebi gahyavT ruseTSi da sxva  qveynebSi, sadac maT mSeneblobaze, soflis meurneobaSi da sxva fizikur samuSaoze amuSaveben. gamovlenilia sxva qveynebidan qalebis TurqeTSi saqarTvelos gavliT gayvanis faqtebi.

bavSvebi iSviaTad xdebodnen trefikingis msxverpli, Tumca, quCis bavSvebi da bavSvTa saxlebSi mcxovrebni riskis jgufs warmoadgendnen. trefikingis msxverpli muSaxelisa da prostituciaSi gayiduli qalebis samuSao da sacxovrebeli pirobebi gansakuTrebiT mZime iyo.

arsebobs informacia, romlis Tanaxmad iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi adamianebiT movaWreebis ZiriTad samiznes warmodgendnen. ruseTTan agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg gaCda saSiSroeba imisa, rom  30,000 axlad gadaadgilebuli adamiani potenciurad trefikingis samizne gaxdeboda; magram wlis bolosTvis informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis irgvliv trefikingis faqteba imata, ar yofila. 

mTavroba afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis separatistul regionebs ver akontrolebs da Sesabamisad, afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis separatistul regionebSi trefikingis braldebebis gadamowmeba ver moxerxda.

trefikerebi arian adgilobrivi damnaSaveebi, romlebsac saWiro kavSirebi aqvT sazRvargareT. arseboben saerTaSoriso masStabis trefikerebic. isini megobrebisagan, ojaxebisagan, turistuli an dasaqmebis saagentoebidan miRebuli dasaqmebis perspeqtiviT ityuebdnen potenciur msxverpls.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi krZalavs adamianebiT vaWrobas, maTi seqsualuri, SromiTi an sxva saxis eqspluataciis mizniT. adamianebiT vaWroba zrdasrulTa SemTxvevaSi isjeba 7-dan 20 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, mcirewlovanTa trefikingi isjeba 8 wlidan uvado patimrobiT, damamZimebeli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mcirelovanad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis nebismieri piri. kodeqsi krZalavs trefikingis lokalur da gare formebs da ar ganasxvavebs danaSaulis am or tips.   

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs trefikeris, misi ojaxis wevrebis, naTesavebis da trefikerebTan kavSirSi myofi pirebis qonebis konfiskacias, Tu aRniSnuli qoneba SeZenilia trefikingiT naSovni TanxebiT. CamorTmeuli sakuTreba gamoiyeneba trefikingis msxverplis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad, xolo qonebis darCenili nawili gadadis saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. procesis dros dazaralebuls SeuZlia trefikerisagan moiTxovos miyenebuli zianis sisxlis samarTlebrivi wesiT anazRaureba. kanoni krZalavs trefikingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobas, rac isjeba samidan 15 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.

wlis bolos, sasamarTloebSi aRiZra 16 axali sisxlis samarTlis gamoZieba trefikingis saqmeze. wlis ganmavlobaSi sasamarTloebma gamoitanes 7 gadawyvetileba 10 damnaSavis winaaRmdeg. erTerTi saqme Seexeboda mcirewlovanTa trefikings. damnaSaveebs miesajaT cxridan 10 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. arcerT saqmeSi ar iyo gareuli saxelmwifo moxele an saerTaSoriso organizaciis TanamSromeli. 

trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis uwyebaTaSorisi sabWo koordinirebas uwevs saxelmwifo organoebis mier trefikingis winaaRmdeg Catarebul zomebs. adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi aqtiurad monawileobdnen sabWos saqmianobaSi, romelic ikribeboda kvartalSi erTxle. 2007 wlis ivlisSi sabWom daamtkica trefikingis msxverplTa reabilitaciis da sazogadoebaSi reintergaciis strategia. aRniSnuli strategia aris trefikingis msxverplTa daxmarebis da dacvis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili dokumentebis seriis bolo dokumenti. generalur prokuraturas, finansTa saministros, saerTaSoriso organizaciebs da adgilobriv arasamTavrobo organizaciebs daevalaT aRniSnuli strategiis sisruleSi moyvana, romlis mixedviT TiToeul dazaralebulze, misi saWiroebebis gaTvalisiwnebiT, unda SemuSavdes konkretuli reabilitaciis gegma. dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi meTvalyureobs uwevs individualuri gegmebis momzadebasa da ganxorcielebas.

mTavrobas gaxsnili aqvs TavSesafarebi da cxeli xazi baTumsa da TbilisSi. qveyanaSi arsebobs trefikingis msxverplTa dacvis da reabilitiaciisa da maTi sazogadoebaSi integrirebis sistema.

sazogadoebrivi informirebulobis mZlavri kampania grZeldeba mesame welia, romlis farglebSic trefikingis Sesaxeb informacia xelmisawvdomi gaxada samarTaldamcavebis veb-gverdebidan, sajaro samsaxurebis Sesaxeb gancxadebebidan, antitrefikinguli satelevizio programebidan da broSurebidan qveynis yvela Semosasvlel wertilSi.   garda amisa, adgilobrivma da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebma gaagrZeles TavianTi iniciativebis ganxorcieleba trefikingTan brZolis farglebSi, atarebdnen seminarebs da sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebis RonisZiebebs. am  RonisZiebebs aqtiur mxardaWeras uwevdnen uwyebaTaSorisi koordinaciis sabWos wevrebic.

 saxelmwifo departamentis wliur angariSs adamianebiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb SegiZliaT gaecnoT veb-gevrdze: www.state.gov/g/tip.

unarSezRuduli pirebi

kanoni krZalavs unarSezRuduli adamianebis diskriminacias, Tumca praqtikaSi es problema naklebad prioritetulia. unarSezRuduli adamianebis diskriminacia dasaqmebis, ganaTlebis, jandacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebis an sxva saxelmwifo samsaxuris sferoSi warmoadgenda problemas da sazogadoebis mxridan unarSezRuduli adamianebis diskriminaciis faqtebic fiqsirdeboda. administraciuli kodeqsi adgens sazogadoebriv SenobebSi unarSezRuduli adamianebisaTvis specialuri Sesasvlelis Seqmnas da iTvaliswinebs jarimas am moTxovnis SeusruleblobisaTvis. TumcaRa, mxolod ramodenime sazogadoebriv Senobas aqvs amgvari Sesasvleli.

wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifom gadadga ramdenime nabiji unarSezRuduli pirebis saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad.  martSi iusticiis saministros sajaro reestrma samsaxurSi aiyvana eqvsi unarSezRuduli piri, romlebic muSaoben satelefono konsultaciebis samsaxurSi, sadac moqalaqeebs uxsnian maT uflebebis da awvdian informacias registraciis Sesaxeb. piloturi programis farglebSi, unarSezRudulma pirebma gaiares treningi da miiRes saWiro aparatura, romelic saxlidan gausvlelad muSaobis saSualebas aZlevT. imave TveSi, Tbilisis municipalur avtobusebis parks daemata 40 avtobusi, aRWurvili vertikaluri liftiT, rac unarSezRudul pirebs am avtobusebiT sargeblobis saSualebas aZlevs.

wlis oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT, qveyanaSi 160,638 unarSezRuduli piria. 2007 wlis monacemebidan gamomdinare, qveyanaSi 11,024 SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvia, Tumca realuri cifri savaraudod ufro maRalia.

erovnuli / rasobrivi / eTnikuri umciresobebi    

kanonis Tanaxmad,  yvela saxelmwifo moxele unda flobdes saxelmwifo enas, qarTuls, rac zogierTi umciresobis warmomadgenlis TqmiT maT saxelmwifo samsaxurSi muSaobis saSualebas ar aZlevs.  masala, romelic sajarod vrceldeboda, xSirad mxolod qarTul enaze ibeWdeba. xelisufleba acxadebs, rom ar aris valdebuli yvela oficaluri sabuTi umciresobebis enaze gamoaqveynos. wlis ganmavlobaSi saprezidento da saparlameto arCevnebis dros biuletenebi da saarCevno masalebi umciresobebis enebze xelmisawvdomi iyo. 2007 wels ganaTlebis saministrom gadaTargmna pirveli, meSvide da meaTe klasebis saxelmZRvaneloebi umciresobebis enebze (somxuri, azerbaijanuli da rusuli). wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaiTargmna meore, merve da meTerTmete klasebis saxelmZRvaneloebi. saxelmZRvaneloebi gadaeca umciresobebis skolebs umciresobebiT dasaxlebul  regionebsa da TbilisSi.

afxazeTSi galis raionSi macxovrebeli eTnikuri qarTvelebisaTvis ar iyo xelmisawvdomi ganaTlebis miReba qarTul enaze. praqtikulad is maswavleblebi, romlebmac ar icodnen afxazuri, gakveTilebs atarebdnen qarTul enaze. Tumca isini, vinc ase iqceoda, xSirad ganicdidnen agresias da devnas afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebis mxridan.

eTnikuri somxebiT dasaxlebul axalqalaqis raionSi, bevri eTnikuri somexi iTxovs, rom mTavrobam somxur enas mianiWos provinciuli enis statusi, radgan Zalze cota flobs qarTuls da amitom ver awarmoebs yoveldRiur saqmianobas qarTulad. isini aseve uCivian, rom mTavrobam ar uzrunvelyo qarTuli enis kursebi. qvemo qarTlSi, sadac azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba dominirebs, eTnikur azerbaijanelebs msgavsi saCivrebi aqvT.

22 ivliss, vahan Caxaliani da ruben Caxaliani, orive “gaerTianebuli javaxis” wevrebi (arasamTavro organizacia, romelic qveyanaSi eTnikuri somxebisaTvis avtonomias iTxovs), gaasamarTles sazogadoebrivi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis, dakavebis dros winaaRmdegobis gawevisaTvis, samarTaldamcavi organoebis oficrebis daSinebisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis ukanonod SenaxvisaTvis.  2006 wels am mamakacebma scades axalqalaqis municipalitetis SenobaSi SeWra, romlis drosac policieli daWres. danaSaulis adgilas aseve imyofeboda mesame piric, wlis bolosaTvis mis winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saqme mimdinareobda, miuxedavad imisa, rom mis mimarT oficialuri braldeba ar iyo wayenebuli da arc dapatimrebuli ar iyo.

eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul raionebSi eTnikuri somxebi, azerbaijanelebi, berZnebi, afxazebi, osebi da rusebi saubroben an TavianT mSobliur enaze an rusulad. kanoni avaldebulebs eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenel moswavleebs qarTulis, rogorc meore enis, swavlas, xolo mTavrobam daafinansa 200-ze meti dawyebiTi da saSualo rusuli, azerbaijanuli da somxurenovani skolebi, raTa iq eswavlaT iseT adamianebs, visi mSobliuri enac ar aris qarTuli. zurab Jvanias saxelobis saxelmwifo marTvis skola quTaisSi umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs specializirebul kurss sTavazobs. skola aseve xels uwyobs erovnuli umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli teritoriebidan momavali sajaro moxeleebis integracias zogadad qarTul sazogadoebaSi. TbilisSi, eTnikuri umciresobebis umetesoba yoveldRiur urTierTobebSi qarTulad saubrobs.

mTavrobam, eTnikuri uimciresobebis integraciis mizniT garkveuli zomebi ganaxorciela, mag. qarTuli enis swavleba, ganaTleba, politikuri dialogis gamarTva, informaciis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobeseba. wlis ganmavlobaSi zogadi unarebis gamocdebi pirvelad bardeboda erovnuli umciresobebis enebzec. mTavrobam meti yuradReba dauTmo SeiaraRebul ZalebSi da policiaSi momsaxure pirebisaTvis qarTuli enis swavlebas.

2007 wlis ivlisSi parlamentma daamtkica kanoni musulmani mesxebis – 1944 wels stalinis mier gadasaxlebuli erovnuli umciresobis jgufis, repatriaciis Sesaxeb. kanoni miRebuli iqna 1999 wels evrosabWos mimarT nakisri valdebulebebis farglebSi, rodesac saqarTvelom valdebuleba aiRo 2011 wlisaTvis daemTavrebina mesxebis gadmosaxleba. am kanonis safuZvelze mTavrobam 1 ianvridan daiwyo gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebebis miReba im mesxebisagan, visac gadasaxlebis damadasturebeli sabuTebi hqonda. aRniSnuli kanonis miReba gaxda parlamentis opoziciuri wevrebisa da mediis kritikis sagani, radgan isini Tvlidnen, rom mesxebiT dasasaxlebel teritoriebze eTnikuri da demografiuli balansi Zalze saTuTi iyo da am teritoriaze eTnikurad sagrZnoblad didi somxuri Temi iyo dasaxlebuli. wlis bolosaTvis repatriaciis Sesaxeb gancxadeba Semotanili hqonda 1,700-ze met mesxs. araoficialuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, axalcixesa da abasTumanSi dabrunda da dasaxlda 150 meti mesxi. 26 dekembers parlamentma kenWi uyara gancxadebebis miRebis vadis gagrZelebas 2009 wlis 1 ivlisamde.

sxva sazogadoebrivi Zaladoba da diskriminacia

homoseqsualizmi ar isjeba kanoniT, Tumca sazogadoebis farTo fenisaTvis amgvari mcneba miuRebelia.

kanoni krZalavs diskriminacias Sidsis niSniT. Tumca amgvari darRvevis winaaRmdeg sasjeli ar arsebobs. arasamTavroboebis gancxadebiT socialuri garemoebebi, diskriminaciis SiSi, mraval adamians aiZulebs uari Tqvas testirebaze an mkurnalobaze. zogi samedicino muSaki, gans. kbilis eqimebi uars acxadeben Sidsis virusis mqone pacientebis mkurnalobaze. adamianebi xSirad malaven daavadebas samsaxuris dakargvis SiSiT.

nawili 6. mSromelTa uflebebi

a. asociaciebis uflebebi

kanonis Tanaxmad, yvela moxeles, maT Soris sajaro moxeles,  ufleba aqvs Seqmnas an gawevriandes profesiul kavSirSi, da mSromelebi axorcieleben am uflebas. Tumca arsebobs garkveuli SezRudvebi samarTaldamcavi uwyebebis da prokuraturis TanamSromelTaTvis. profkavSirebis warmomadgenlebis gancxadebiT, SromiTi kodeqsi zRudavs maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebis meqanizmebs. profkavSirebi yvelaze xSirad moTxovdnen rvasaaTiani samuSao dRis dawesebas da damatebiTi samuSao drois ormagad anazRaurebas. kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs rva saaTian samuSao dRes, Tu sawinaarmdego piroba ar aris dadgenili damsaqmebelsa da muSaks Soris gaformebuli SromiTi xelSekrulebiT. kritikosTa TvalsazrisiT, amgvari piroba, samuSao adgilebis mwvave naklebobis fonze, zedmet uflebamosilebas aniWebs damqiravebels. maT aseve miuReblad miaCniaT moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmadac seqtoruli profesiuli kavSiris Sesaqmnelad saWiroa 100 TanamSromlis gaerTianeba.

mTavari profesiuli gaerTianeba aris saqarTvelos profesiuli kavSirebis konefederacia, romelic warmoadgenda profkavSirebs 26 seqtorSi da aerTianebda 261.750 muSaks. arseobobda sajaro moxeleebis, soflis meurneobis da xelovnebis sferos muSakTa ramodenime mcire kavSiri; isini ar arian konfederaciis wevrebi. moixedavad imisa, rom didi organizaciebis muSakTa umetesoba profkavSiris wevri iyo, maTi Zalaufleba mainc ar Seesabameboda maT mravalricxovan wevrobas. wevrTa Zalze mcire nawili aqtiurobda da, kritikosTa azriT, swored es aZlevda xelmZRvanelobas Tavisuflad moqmedebis saSualebas.       

kanoni uzrunvelyofs profesiuli kavSirebis saqmianobaSi Caurevlobas.  kanonis Tanaxmad kavSiris wevrebs aqvT gaficvis ufleba; Tumca, kanoni awesebs gaficvis maqs. periods - 90 dRe. zogadad mSromelebi sargeblobdnen kanoniT miniWebuli gaficvis uflebiT. damsaqmebelma unda gasces gaficvis sanqcia, xolo gaficvis monawileebma sami dRiT adre werilobiTi Setyobineba, xolo erTi saaTiT adre ki - gafrTxileba unda gaugzavnon damsaqmebels. saqarTvelos profesiuli kavSirebis konefederaciis gancxadebiT, gaficvebis iSviaToba SezRudvebiTa da samsaxuris dakargvis SiSiTaa ganpirobebuli.

b. koleqtiuri organizebis da garigebis/molaparakebis ufleba

kanonis Tanaxmad muSakebs ufleba aqvT gaaformon erToblivi garigeba, da kanoni iTvaliswinebs sasjels maTTvis, vinc uars ganacxadebs molaparakebaze. Tumca, saxelmwifo xSirad ar icavs am uflebas. saxalxo damcvelis aparati acxadebs, rom damsaqmeblebs ar moeTxovebaT xelqveiTebisaTvis samsaxuridan daTxovnis Sesaxeb winaswari Setyobinebis gadacema, rac warmoadgens kodeqsis erT erT sust aspeqts. koleqtiuri garigebebis praqtika ar iyo gavrcelebuli. saqarTvelos profesiuli kavSirebis konefederaciam gaaforma daaxl. 115 aseTi garigeba/xelSekruleba da sami xelSekruleba seqtorebTan. susti xelmZRvaneloba da koleqtiuri garigebebis Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba amcirebda amgvari garigebebis ricxvs da masStabebs. 

kanoni krZalavs damsaqmeblebis mxridan kavSiris an misi wevrebis mier organizebuli saqmianobis diskriminacias da damsaqmeblebi SeiZleba daisajon amgvari darRvevebisTvis da daevaloT samsaxurSi muSakebis dabruneba da maTTvis xelfasebis gadaxda. miuxedavad am kanonisa, spkk da misi erovnuli kavSirebi kvlav iuwyebodnen, rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi menejmenti afrTxilebda TanamSromlebs da ukrZalavda maT profesiuli kavSirebis Seqmnas.

wlis ganmavlobaSi, spkk-m  gamoacxada ramodenime SemTxvevis Sesaxeb, rodesac damsaqmeblebi emuqrebodnen kavSiris wevrebs samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebiT kavSirSi wevrobisaTvis. 2007 wlis dekemberSi foTSi kavSiris wevrebi samsaxuridan gaaTavisufles profkavSiruli saqmianobisaTvis, xolo maTi ofisi dailuqa.  portis xelmZRvanelobasTan molaparakebebis Semdeg muSakTa umravlesoba samsaxurSi aRadgines da ofisi gaixsna. TerTmeti muSaki samsaxurSi aRar aRadgines da amitom profkavSirebma saqme sasamarTloSi Seitanes, romelic Semdgom waages. xSiri iyo Setyobinebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom damsaqmeblebi TanamSromlebs samsaxuridan gagdebiT emuqrebian da aSineben, maT Soris sajaro seqtorSi momuSaveebsac, profkavSirebSi aqtiurobis gamo. es SeexoT maswavleblebs, samTo seqtorSi, navTobsadensa da portebSi momuSaveebs da Tbilisis municipalur mTavrobas. spkk-s mixedviT, wlis ganmavlobaSi 70-ma adamianma samsaxuri savaraudod dakarga imitom, rom profesiuli kavSirebis wevri iyo. sxva SemTxvevebSi SeuZlebeli iyo imis dasabuTeba, rom gaTavisufleba kavSirSi wevrobis gulisaTvis moxda, radgan kontraqti umetes wilad moklevadiania (erTTviani) da kontraqtis damTavreba dasaxelda SromiTi xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis mizezad. iyo ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac damsaqmeblebi ar ixdidnen savaldebulo sawevros, Tanxas xelfasidan uqviTavdnen muSaks da ricxavdnen kavSiris angariSze.  aseTi SemTxvevebi profkavSirebsa da damsaqmeblebs Soris molaparakebebis gziT mogvarda.

saeqsporto zonebi ar arsebobs.

g.    iZulebiTi an savaldebulo Sromis akrZalva   

kanoni krZalavs iZulebiT an savaldebulo Sromas, Tumca iyo qalebis da bavSvebis trefikingis SemTxvevebi qveynidan an qveynis gavliT - seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT, xolo mamakacebis SemTxvevaSi –iZulebiTi Sromis mizniT (ix. nawili 5).

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da profkavSirebi aprotestebdnen kodeqsis debulebas, romlis mixedviT savaldebulo / iZulebiTi Sroma nebadarTulia sagangebo viTarebis an bunebrivi kataklizmebis dros da romelic ar iTvaliswinebs aseTi Sromis anazRaurebas. SromiTi kodeqsis Tanaxmad, damsaqmebels ufleba aqvs 90 wuTiT gazardos an Seamciros samuSao dRe, SromiTi xelSekrulebis pirobebis Seucvlelad. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis azriT, es piroba xelqveiTebs aiZulebs imuSaos damatebiTi saaTebi yovelgvari kompensaciis gareSe, rac arRvevs iZulebiTi Sromis konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebul akrZalvas.

d.    arasrulwlovanTa Sromis akrZalva da dasaqmebis minimaluri asaki

arsebobs kanonebi da normebi samuSao adgilze arasrulwlovanTa eqspluataciisagan dasacavad, Tumca dafiqsirebulia arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobis faqtebi maTi komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT.

saxalxo damcvelis aparatma ganacxada, rom mozardTa uflebebs ar eTmoba saTanado yuradReba da es aris Sromis kodeqsis erTerTi umTavresi naklovaneba. umuSevrobis maRali done ganapirobebs, rom uamravi axalgazrda muSa-mosamsaxure Tanaxmaa imuSaos dabal xelfasze da amitomac arasrulwlovanTa Sroma iSviaTobas warmoadgenda qveynisaTvis. Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro valdebulia izrunos arasrulwlovanTa Sromis Sesaxeb kanonebis aRsrulebaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom oficialuri monacemebi ar iyo xelmisawvdomi, zogadad arasrulwlovanTa Sroma ar iTvleboda seriozul problemad. 2007 wles Catarebuli gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT dasaqmebul arasrulwlovanTa daaxloebiT 77.4 procenti muSaobda saojaxo fermebSi, xolo 18.4 procenti saojaxo sawarmoebSi.

wlis ganmavlobaSi, mTavrobam, damsaqmebelTa kavSirma da profesiuli kavSirebis konfederaciam xeli moaweres sammxriv SeTanxmebas, rac pozitiur iqna aRqmuli, Tumca es SeTanxmeba wlis manZilze ar ganxorcielebula.

dasaqmebis minimaluri asaki ari 16 weli; Tumca gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi 14-15 wlis bavSvebs ufleba aqvT imuSaon mSoblebis TanxmobiT. 18 wlamde mozardebs ekrZaleba arajansaRi an miswisqveSa saqmianoba, xolo 16-dan 18 wlamde mozardebma unda imuSaon Semcirebuli samuSao saaTebi da akrZaluli aqvT Rame muSaoba. Sromis kodeqsiT nebadarTulia 14 wlamde asakis bavSvebTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba sportis, xelovnebis, kulturisa da sareklamo sferoebSi.  janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros socialuri dacvis departements evaleba SromiTi darRvevebis aRmoCena, pretenziebis ganxilva da SromiT kanonmdeblobasTan da regulaciebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa.  socialuri dacvis departaments adgilze hyavs mxolod ori TanamSromeli da erTi Sromis inspeqtori, romelic ganixilavs dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebiT qveynis yvela kuTxidan Semosul sakiTxebs. departamenti mxolod SromiT aspeqtebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze axdens reagirebas. garda amisa, ministris erTi moagile da erTi mrCeveli am SromiT problemebze arian koncentrirebulni. saministro akontrolebs Sromis standartebTan Sesabamisobas da saWiroebisamebr, amzadebs rekomendaciebs. janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saparlamento komiteti zogadad akontrolebs SromiT politikas da saministros mier momzadebul winadadebebs ganixilavs.

e.  misaRebi samuSao pirobebi

arc saxelmwifo moxelis minimaluri xelfasi, daaxl. 70 aSS. dolari (115 lari) TveSi, da arc kerZo seqtoris muSakis minimaluri xelfasi, daaxl. 12 aSS. dolari (20 lari) TveSi, ar Seesabameba cxovrebis misaReb standarts. saSualo xelfasi dabalia Tviur saSualo xelfasze, rogorc kerZo aseve saxelmwifo seqtorSi. oficialuri saarsebo minimumi iyo daaxlovebiT 79 aSS. dolari (130 lari) erT sulze, da 139 aSS. dolari (230 lari) oTxsulian ojaxze. aradeklarirebuli savaWro saqmianoba, ojaxis wevrebis da megobrebis daxmareba, sasoflo-samurneo produqciis gayidva xSirad warmoadgenda xelfasis danamats. Sromis, jandacvis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministro valdebulia uzrunvelyos minimaluri xelfasi. saqarTvelos profesuli kavSiris inspeqtori meTvalyureobas uwevda xsenebuli moTxovnis Sesrulebas.  

SromiTi kodeqsi adgens 41-saaTian samuSao kviras da 24 saaTs dasvenebas kviraSi, Tu sawinaarmdego ar aris dadgenili SromiTi xelSekrulebiT. saxalxo damcvelis aparati xazs usvavs orsuli qalebis uflebebis ugulebelyofas, rac warmoadgens SromiTi kodeqsis ererT yvelaze mniSvnelovan defeqts. kodeqsi ar icavs orsul qalebs samsaxuridan daTxovnisagan dekretuli Svebulebis dros. kodeqsis Tanaxmad, samuSao dRis xangrZlivobas gansazRvravs damqiravebeli, Tu sawinaarmdego ar aris dadgenili SromiTi xelSekrulebiT, Tumca namuSevari saaTebis raodenobam kviraSi ar unda gadaaWarbos 41 saaTs. Sesvenebebi da gamosasvleli dRe ar Sedis samuSao droSi. samuSao dReebs (cvlebs) Soris Sesvenebam ar unda gadaaWarbos 12 saaTs. kodeqsis Tanaxmad, TanamSromlis mier bunebrivi kataklizmebis, sawarmoo incidentebis Tavidan acilebis an maTi Sedegebis gamosasworeblad namuSevari damatebiTi samuSao saaTebi ar anazRaurdeba. orsuli qalebis an axlad mologinebuli qalebis samsaxurSi datoveba damatebiTi droiT, maTi Tanxmobis gareSe, akrZalulia. damatebiTi samuSao saaTebi gulisxmobs SromiTi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSao saaTebis miRma namuSevar dros. Tu SromiTi xelSekruleba ar adgens samuSao saaTebs, aseT SemTxvevaSi damatebiT samuSao drod iTvleba dro, romelic gadascdeba 41 saaTs kviraSi. damatebiTi samuSao saaTebis Sesaxeb pirobebs adgenen mxareebi.

mTavrobam daawesa samuSao adgilze jandacvis da usafrTxoebis standartebi. TumcaRa, saxalxo damcvelis aparati usafrTxo samuSao pirobebis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebul warumateblobebs asaxelebs Sromis kodeqsis yvelaze mniSvnelovan naklovanebad. kanoni iTvaliswinebs maRal anazRaurebas saSiSi samuSaoebisaTvis da uflebas aZlevs muSaks uari Tqvas sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, samsaxuris dakargvis safrTxis gareSe; Tumca sinamdvileSi amgvari dacva TiTqmis ar yofila uzrunvelyofili.